Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrōts

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /wrɔːts/

Noun

*wrōts f

1. root

Inflection

The original stem ablaut was initially preserved, but lexical split already occurred within the Proto-Germanic period.

consonant stemDeclension of *wrōts (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wrōts	*wrōtiz
vocative	*wrōt	*wrōtiz
accusative	*wrōtų	*wrōtunz
genitive	*wurtiz	*wurtǫ̂
dative	*wurti	*wurtumaz
instrumental	*wurtē	*wurtumiz

Derived terms

• *urtiz
• *wrōtaną
• *wurtwaluz (compound with *waluz)
  • Proto-West Germanic: *wurtwalu
    • Old English: wyrtwalu f, wyrtwala m, *wyrtel
      • ⇒ Old English: bisċopwyrtel
    • Old Frisian: wirtel, wortel
      • Saterland Frisian: Wuttel
      • West Frisian: woartel, wurtel
    • Old Saxon: *wurtwala, *wurtala
      • Middle Low German: wortele
        • German Low German: Wortel, Wörtel, Wuttel, Wuddel
    • Old Dutch: *wurtala
      • Middle Dutch: wortele
        • Dutch: wortel (“root, carrot”)
          • Afrikaans: wortel (“carrot, square root”)
          • Negerhollands: wortel, wolter
          • Skepi Creole Dutch: wotl (“carrot”)
          • → Indonesian: wortel (“carrot”)
        • Limburgish: wórtel
    • Old High German: wurzala
      • Middle High German: wurzel
        • German: Wurzel
        • Luxembourgish: Wuerzel
        • Vilamovian: wücuł
        • Yiddish: וואָרצל (vortsl)

Related terms

• *wurt- (oblique stem) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wurti
  • Old English: wyrt (“plant, herb”)
    • Middle English: wurt, worte, wort
      • English: wort
      • Middle Scots: *wort (attested in plural wortis)
        • Scots: wirt
      • ⇒ Middle English: wurten, worten (“resembling or pertaining to spice, herbal”, adj)
  • Old English: wyrt (“brewer's wort”) (merged with descendant of *wurtiju)
    • Middle English: wort, worte
      • English: wort
      • Scots: wirt
  • Old Saxon: wurt
    • Middle Low German: wort, wurt
  • Old Dutch: wurt
    • Middle Dutch: worte
  • Old High German: wurz
    • Middle High German: wurz
      • Cimbrian: burtz, buurtza
      • German: Wurz
      • Vilamovian: wiyc
    • ⇒ Old High German: giwurz f
      • Middle High German: *gewürze (attested 15th c.)
        • German: Gewürz n
          • → German Low German: Gewürz
        • Luxembourgish: Gewierz
• Old Norse: rót
  • Icelandic: rót
  • Faroese: rót
  • Norwegian: rot
  • Old Swedish: rōt
    • Swedish: rot
  • Danish: rod
  • Gutnish: rot
  • → Old English: rōt
    • Middle English: rote, root, roote, rot, rotæ
      • English: root
      • Scots: ruit, rute