Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *stikaną (“to stick, stab”). An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push; hit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstuk.kɑz/

Noun

*stukkaz m

1. stick

   Synonyms: *furkaz, *kablaz, *spituz, *stabaz, *waluz

2. beam; post

   Synonym: *sūliz

3. stump

   Synonyms: *stukkiją, *stumpaz

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *stukkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stukkaz	*stukkōz, *stukkōs
vocative	*stukk	*stukkōz, *stukkōs
accusative	*stukką	*stukkanz
genitive	*stukkas, *stukkis	*stukkǫ̂
dative	*stukkai	*stukkamaz
instrumental	*stukkō	*stukkamiz

Related terms

• *stukkiją

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *stokk
  • Old English: stocc
    • Middle English: stokke, stocke, stok
      • Scots: stok
      • English: stock
  • Old Frisian: stokk, stok
    • Saterland Frisian: Stok
    • West Frisian: stoak
  • Old Saxon: stokk
    • Middle Low German: stok
      • German Low German: Stock
  • Old Dutch: *stoc
    • Middle Dutch: stoc
      • Dutch: stok
  • Old High German: stoc
    • Middle High German: stoc
      • Central Franconian: Stock
      • German: Stock
      • Luxembourgish: Stack
  • → Old French: estoc
    • Middle French: estoc, estot
      • French: étau; estoc
    • → Italian: stocco
    • → Portuguese: estoco, estocar
    • → Sicilian: stoccu, stuccari
• Old Norse: stokkr
  • Icelandic: stokkur
  • Faroese: stokkur
  • Norwegian: stokk
  • Old Swedish: stokker
    • Swedish: stock
    • → Finnish: tukki (“log”)
      • → Inari Sami: tukki (“log”)
    • → Karelian: tukki (“log”)
  • → Southern Sami: stuehkie
  • → Northern Sami: stohkka
  • Danish: stok
• → Proto-Celtic: *tsŭkk- (via metathesis)
  • Gaulish: *tsukka
    • → Vulgar Latin: *tsucca (see there for further descendants)
  • Breton: soc’h
  • Old Irish: tócht