Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rannijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *rinnaną +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɑn.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rannijaną

1. to cause to run
2. to cause to flow

Inflection

Conjugation of *rannijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rannijō	*rannijaų	—	*rannijai	?
2nd singular	*rannīsi	*rannijais	*rannī	*rannijasai	*rannijaisau
3rd singular	*rannīþi	*rannijai	*rannijaþau	*rannijaþai	*rannijaiþau
1st dual	*rannijōs	*rannijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rannijaþiz	*rannijaiþiz	*rannijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*rannijamaz	*rannijaim	—	*rannijanþai	*rannijainþau
2nd plural	*rannīþ	*rannijaiþ	*rannīþ	*rannijanþai	*rannijainþau
3rd plural	*rannijanþi	*rannijain	*rannijanþau	*rannijanþai	*rannijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rannidǭ	*rannidēdį̄
2nd singular	*rannidēz	*rannidēdīz
3rd singular	*rannidē	*rannidēdī
1st dual	*rannidēdū	*rannidēdīw
2nd dual	*rannidēdudiz	*rannidēdīdiz
1st plural	*rannidēdum	*rannidēdīm
2nd plural	*rannidēdud	*rannidēdīd
3rd plural	*rannidēdun	*rannidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*rannijandz	*rannidaz

Derived terms

• *rannijaz
• *rannislą

Descendants

Many of these descendants have taken the present stem rin- from the strong verb it is derived from.

• Proto-West Germanic: *rannijan
  • Old English: ærnan
  • Old Frisian: renna
    • West Frisian: rinne
  • Old Saxon: rennan
  • Old Dutch: *rennan
    • Dutch: rennen
      • Afrikaans: ren
  • Old High German: rennan
    • German: rennen
• Old Norse: renna
  • Icelandic: renna
  • Faroese: renna
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: renna, renne
  • Old Swedish: rænna
    • Swedish: ränna
  • Old Danish: rænnæ
    • Danish: rende
• Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*rannjan)