Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūnō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *rewHn-, from *rewH-, *rēwH- (“to roar; grumble; murmur; mumble; whisper”). Compare Latin rūmor. Possibly a borrowing either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈruː.nɔː/

Noun

*rūnō f

1. secret, mystery
2. inscription written with runes (letters of the Germanic runic alphabet)

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *rūnō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*rūnō	*rūnôz
vocative	*rūnō	*rūnôz
accusative	*rūnǭ	*rūnōz
genitive	*rūnōz	*rūnǫ̂
dative	*rūnōi	*rūnōmaz
instrumental	*rūnō	*rūnōmiz

Coordinate terms

• *stabaz (“letter (of an alphabet)”)

Derived terms

• *garūniją n
• *garūnô m (“confidant”)

Related terms

• *raunō f
• *raunijaną
• *rūnijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *rūnu
  • Old English: rūn
    • Middle English: roun
      • Scots: rune, roun, round
      • English: roun, round
  • Old Saxon: rūna
    • Middle Low German: rûne, rune
  • Old Dutch: *rūna
    • Middle Dutch: rune, ruun, ruen; (alruna, alrune)
      • (Dutch: alruin)
  • Old High German: rūna
    • Middle High German: rūne
      • German: Raune, Rune
• Proto-Norse: ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (rūnō) (accusative singular)
  • Old Norse: rún
    • Icelandic: rún f
    • Faroese: rún f
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n
    • Old Swedish: rūn, rūna
      • Swedish: runa c or f
    • Old Danish: rune
      • Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl
        • Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f
          • → Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f
        • → German: Rune f
          • → Dutch: rune
        • → English: rune
          • → Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)
  • → Finnish: runo
    • → Swedish: runa c or f, runo c or f
• Gothic: 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna)