Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haupaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hūpô, *hūfô

Etymology

From earlier *hauppaz, reflecting pre-Germanic *kouHp-nó- or *keh₂up-nó-, probably part of an ablauting n-stem paradigm *haufô ~ *huppaz, from which *hūpô also split off; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂wp- (“heap, pile”), a stem of unusual formation. Related to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), Lithuanian kaūpas (“heap”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.pɑz/

Noun

*haupaz m

1. (West Germanic) heap, pile
2. (West Germanic) crowd, throng

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *haupaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haupaz	*haupōz, *haupōs
vocative	*haup	*haupōz, *haupōs
accusative	*haupą	*haupanz
genitive	*haupas, *haupis	*haupǫ̂
dative	*haupai	*haupamaz
instrumental	*haupō	*haupamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *haup
  • Old English: hēap
    • Middle English: hepe, heep
      • English: heap
      • Scots: hepe, heip
  • Old Frisian: hāp
    • Saterland Frisian: Hoop
    • West Frisian: heap
  • Old Saxon: hōp
    • Middle Low German: hôp
      • German Low German: Hoop
      • → Old Norse: hópr
        • Icelandic: hópur
        • Faroese: hópur
        • Norwegian: hop
        • Danish: hob
        • Swedish: hop
  • Old Dutch: *hōp
    • Middle Dutch: hôop
      • Dutch: hoop
        • Afrikaans: hoop
      • Limburgish: houp
  • Old High German: houf
    • Middle High German: houf
      • German: Haufen (merged with *hūpô)
  • → Old French: houpe
    • Middle French: houppe
      • French: houppe

Further reading

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 216–217