Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handuwerką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz +‎ *werką.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.du.wɛr.kɑ̃/

Noun

*handuwerką n

1. handwork; manual labour
2. handiwork, creation

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *handuwerką (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*handuwerką	*handuwerkō
vocative	*handuwerką	*handuwerkō
accusative	*handuwerką	*handuwerkō
genitive	*handuwerkas, *handuwirkis	*handuwerkǫ̂
dative	*handuwirkai	*handuwerkamaz
instrumental	*handuwerkō	*handuwerkamiz

Descendants

• Old English: handweorc, hondweorc
  • Middle English: hondwerk, handwerke, hondewerk, andwork, handwarke, handwerk, hand-warke, handewerrc
    • English: handwork
    • Scots: handwerk, handwark
• Old Frisian: *handwerk, *hondwerk
  • Saterland Frisian: Hondwierk
  • West Frisian: handwurk
• Old Saxon: *handwerk
  • Middle Low German: hantwerk
    • German Low German: Handwark
    • Dutch Low Saxon: handwark
    • → Swedish: hantverk
• Old Dutch: *handwerk
  • Middle Dutch: hantwerc
    • Dutch: handwerk
• Old High German: hantwerc, hantwerch
  • Middle High German: hantwerc
    • German: Handwerk
• Old Norse: handaverk
  • Icelandic: handverk
  • Old Swedish: handaværk