Appendix:Latin fourth conjugation

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The Latin fourth conjugation has an infinitive ending in -īre. The stem ends in an "i". They descend from Proto-Italic *-jō, from Proto-Indo-European *-yeti.

Example

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audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītusto hear

Active indicative

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Present

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiō I hear audīmus We hear
2nd audīs You hear audītis You (pl.) hear
3rd audit He/she/it hears audiunt They hear

Imperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiēbam I was hearing audiēbāmus We were hearing
2nd audiēbās You were hearing audiēbātis You (pl.) were hearing
3rd audiēbat He/she/it was hearing audiēbant They were hearing

Future

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiam I will hear audiēmus We will hear
2nd audiēs You will hear audiētis You (pl.) will hear
3rd audiet He/she/it will hear audient They will hear

Perfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīvī I have heard audīvimus We have heard
2nd audīvistī You have heard audīvistis You (pl.) have heard
3rd audīvit He/she/it has heard audīvērunt They have heard

Pluperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīveram I had heard audīverāmus We had heard
2nd audīverās You had heard audīverātis You (pl.) had heard
3rd audīverat He/she/it had heard audīverant They had heard

Future perfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīverō I will have heard audīverimus We will have heard
2nd audīveris You will have heard audīveritis You (pl.) will have heard
3rd audīverit He/she/it will have heard audīverint They will have heard

Passive indicative

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Present

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audior I am heard audīmur We are heard
2nd audīris You are heard audīminī You (pl.) are heard
3rd audītur He/she/it is heard audiuntur They are heard

Imperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiēbar I was heard audiēbāmur We were heard
2nd audiēbāris You were heard audiēbāmini You (pl.) were heard
3rd audiēbātur He/she/it was heard audiēbantur They were heard

Future

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiar I will be heard audiēmur We will be heard
2nd audiēris You will be heard audiēminī You (pl.) will be heard
3rd audiētur He/she/it will be heard audientur They will be heard

Perfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audītus sum I have been heard audītī sumus We have been heard
2nd audītus es You have been heard audītī estis You (pl.) have been heard
3rd audītus est He/she/it has been heard audītī sunt They have been heard

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Pluperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audītus eram I had been heard audītī erāmus We had been heard
2nd audītus erās You had been heard audītī erātis You (pl.) had been heard
3rd audītus erat He/she/it had been heard audītī erant They had been heard

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Future perfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audītus erō I will have been heard audītī erimus We will have been heard
2nd audītus eris You will have been heard audītī eritis You (pl.) will have been heard
3rd audītus erit He/she/it will have been heard audītī erunt They will have been heard

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Active subjunctive

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Present

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiam I may hear audiāmus We may hear
2nd audiās You may hear audiātis You (pl.) may hear
3rd audiat He/she/it may hear audiant They may hear

Imperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīrem I should hear audīrēmus We should hear
2nd audīrēs You would hear audīrētis You (pl.) would hear
3rd audīret He/she/it would hear audīrent They would hear

Perfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīverim I may have heard audīverīmus We may have heard
2nd audīverīs You may have heard audīverītis You (pl.) may have heard
3rd audīverit He/she/it may have heard audīverint They may have heard

Pluperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīvissem I should have heard audīvissēmus We should have heard
2nd audīvissēs You would have heard audīvissētis You (pl.) would have heard
3rd audīvisset He/she/it would have heard audīvissent They would have heard

Passive subjunctive

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Present

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audiar I may be heard audiāmur We may be heard
2nd audiāris You may be heard audiāminī You (pl.) may be heard
3rd audiātur He/she/it may be heard audiantur They may be heard

Imperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audīrer I should be heard audīrēmur We should be heard
2nd audīrēris You would be heard audīrēminī You (pl.) would be heard
3rd audīrētur He/she/it would be heard audīrentur They would be heard

Perfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audītus sim I may have been heard audītī sīmus We may have been heard
2nd audītus sīs You may have been heard audītī sītis You (pl.) may have been heard
3rd audītus sit He/she/it may have been heard audītī sint They may have been heard

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Pluperfect

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Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st audītus essem I should have been heard audītī essēmus We should have been heard
2nd audītus essēs You would have been heard audītī essētis You (pl.) would have been heard
3rd audītus esset He/she/it would have been heard audītī essent They would have been heard

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Imperative

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Active
Audī! (sing.) Hear!
Audīte! (pl.) Hear!

Passive
Audire! (sing.) Be heard!
Audimini! (pl.) Be heard!

Gerunds

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Infinitives and participles

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Present active infinitive audīre
Perfect active infinitive audīvisse
Future active infinitive audītūrus esse
Present passive infinitive audīrī
Perfect passive infinitive audītus esse
Future passive infinitive audītum īrī
Present active participle audiēns
Future active participle audītūrus
Perfect passive participle audītus
Future passive participle audiendus
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