-ZHĮ́

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Etymology

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From Proto-Athabaskan *šen (summer).

In Navajo, the initial fricative of Proto-Athabaskan didn't sonorize to zh, so in verbal stems and in the nominal stem shį́ (summer) the initial voiceless fricative sh is maintained (with the exception of the adverbial derivative díízhíní (this summer), which shows a later sonorization). However, for consistency, the stem set of this root is presented with an analogical voiced initial zh. See also -HAI (winter) for a similar situation.

Root

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-ZHĮ́

  1. to become summer, to pass the summer
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
motion

it becomes summer

beeshį́į́h
chʼínáshį́į́h (-, “back”)

Stem set

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Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -zhį́į́h -zhį́ -zhį́į́ł -zhį́į́h -zhį́į́h

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHĮ́ (summer)