하면

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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Sino-Korean word from 下面, from (lower) + (surface).

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈha̠(ː)mjʌ̹n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?hamyeon
Revised Romanization (translit.)?hamyeon
McCune–Reischauer?hamyŏn
Yale Romanization?hāmyen

Noun

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하면 (hamyeon) (hanja 下面)

  1. bottom surface
    Antonym: 상면(上面) (sangmyeon)

Etymology 2

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Of native Korean origin. From (ha-, to say) +‎ (-myeon, if): "if one speaks [about]..."

Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?hamyeon
Revised Romanization (translit.)?hamyeon
McCune–Reischauer?hamyŏn
Yale Romanization?hamyen

Verb

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하면 (hamyeon)

  1. conditional of 하다 (hada): see 하다 (hada), 으면 (-eumyeon).

Particle

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하면 (hamyeon)

  1. Attaches to a noun to introduce an exemplar, most desirable example, or closely associated fact about said noun.
    생선 하면 고등어.Saengseon hamyeon godeung'eo-ji.As for fish, mackerel is best.
    영국 하면 해리포터.Yeongguk hamyeon Haeri-poteo-ji.When I think of the United Kingdom, Harry Potter comes to mind.
    친구 하면 민지 제일 먼저 떠오른다.
    Chin'gu hamyeon Minji-ga jeil meonjeo tteooreunda.
    When I think of friends, Minji is the first to come to mind.
Usage notes
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  • In prescriptive Korean orthography, this is considered a conjugation of the verb 하다 (hada), not a particle, and is hence written with an orthographic space.