Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
Allen considers the form jꜣš a Middle Kingdom development, with the ayin having become a glottal stop;[1] however, this is in fact the earlier attested variant, and all writings until the 18th Dynasty have ꜣ either instead of or (less commonly) alongside ꜥ. The word only became common in the New Kingdom, however, so that the later renderings as ꜥš are by far the more common variants.
“ꜥš (lemma ID 40890)”, “ꜥš (lemma ID 40900)”, “ꜥš (lemma ID 40940)”, “ꜥš (lemma ID 450173)”, and “ꜥš (lemma ID 40950)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 182, 258, 362.
Kapiec, Katarzyna (2018) “The Sacred Scents: Examining the Connection Between the ꜥntjw and sfṯ in the Context of the Early Eighteenth Dynasty Temples” in Études et Travaux XXXI, pages 195–217
^ Allen, James Peter (2015) Middle Egyptian Literature: Eight Literary Works of the Middle Kingdom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 47