訓読み
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
訓 | 読 |
くん Grade: 4 |
よ Grade: 2 |
jūbakoyomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
訓讀み (kyūjitai) 訓読 |
Etymology
[edit]Compound of 訓 (kun, “meaning”) + 読み (yomi, “reading”). Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words as expressed in native Japanese words or 大和言葉 (Yamato kotoba), as opposed to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text (called 音読み (on'yomi) or 音読 (ondoku), literally “sound reading”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (linguistics) kun'yomi: a reading of a kanji that is not derived from the kanji's original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese
Usage notes
[edit]- See kun'yomi in Appendix:Japanese glossary for more details.
Coordinate terms
[edit]Based on native Japanese vocabulary:
- 名乗り (nanori) (used for the readings of names: given names and sometimes place names)
Based on Chinese-derived pronunciations:
Verb
[edit]訓読みする • (kun'yomi suru) suru (stem 訓読みし (kun'yomi shi), past 訓読みした (kun'yomi shita))
- to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "訓読みする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 訓読みし | くんよみし | kun'yomi shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 訓読みし | くんよみし | kun'yomi shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 訓読みする | くんよみする | kun'yomi suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 訓読みする | くんよみする | kun'yomi suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 訓読みすれ | くんよみすれ | kun'yomi sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 訓読みせよ¹ 訓読みしろ² |
くんよみせよ¹ くんよみしろ² |
kun'yomi seyo¹ kun'yomi shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 訓読みされる | くんよみされる | kun'yomi sareru | |
Causative | 訓読みさせる 訓読みさす |
くんよみさせる くんよみさす |
kun'yomi saseru kun'yomi sasu | |
Potential | 訓読みできる | くんよみできる | kun'yomi dekiru | |
Volitional | 訓読みしよう | くんよみしよう | kun'yomi shiyō | |
Negative | 訓読みしない | くんよみしない | kun'yomi shinai | |
Negative continuative | 訓読みせず | くんよみせず | kun'yomi sezu | |
Formal | 訓読みします | くんよみします | kun'yomi shimasu | |
Perfective | 訓読みした | くんよみした | kun'yomi shita | |
Conjunctive | 訓読みして | くんよみして | kun'yomi shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 訓読みすれば | くんよみすれば | kun'yomi sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 訓 read as くん
- Japanese terms spelled with 読 read as よ
- Japanese terms read with jūbakoyomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Linguistics
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs