脫

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 脱 and 挩
脫 U+812B, 脫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-812B
← 脪
[U+812A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 脬 →
[U+812C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

脫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金口山 (BCRU) or 難月金口山 (XBCRU), four-corner 78216, composition ⿰⺼兌(HT) or ⿰月兌(GK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 984, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29539
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1436, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2081, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+812B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 脫/脱
simp. 脱
alternative forms 挩／捝
說／说

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毤 *l̥ʰoːds
蛻 *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧 *l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾 *l̥ʰoːds
裞 *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌 *l'oːds
綐 *l'oːds
銳 *l'oːds, *lods
帨 *stʰods, *hljods
稅 *hljods
說 *hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚 *hljods
䫄 *rtʰoːd
脫 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻 *l̥ʰoːd
挩 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲 *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵 *l'oːd
敓 *l'oːd
痥 *l'oːd
悅 *lod, *lod
閱 *lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);
Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha ᰒᰤᰦᰳ (flját), ᰒᰤᰩᰳ (fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).

In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang)

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • thut - vernacular;
  • thoat - literary (“to collapse”).
Note: tug4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 脫
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuo⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰuo⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰuo²¹/
Jinan /tʰuə²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tʰuo²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰuo²¹/
Xining /tʰu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰuə¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰuə¹³/
Ürümqi /tʰuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /tʰuo²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰo³¹/
Guiyang /tʰo²¹/
Kunming /tʰo³¹/
Nanjing /tʰoʔ⁵/
Hefei /tʰuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuaʔ²/
Pingyao /tʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰuaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /tʰoʔ⁵/
Suzhou /tʰəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /tʰø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /tʰuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /tʰo²⁴/
Xiangtan /tʰo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /tʰot̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʰot̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰyt̚³/
Nanning /tʰyt̚³³/
Hong Kong /tʰyt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰuat̚³²/
/tʰut̚³²/
/tʰuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰuk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hut̚⁵/ ～帽
/hut̚³/ ～手
Rime
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 末 (64) 末 (64)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 徒活切 他括切
Baxter dwat thwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dʷɑt̚/ /tʰʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwat̚/ /tʰwat̚/
Li
Rong 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duó tuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dyut6 tyut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuō tuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwat › ‹ thwat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁot/ /*mə-l̥ˁot/
English remove outer covering peel off

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2559 2566
Phonetic
component 		兑 兑
Rime
group 		月 月
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		侻 奪
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰoːd/ /*l'oːd/

Definitions[edit]

脫

  1. to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip
  2. to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid
  3. to leave out; to miss; to omit
  4. rapid; swift; fast
  5. unaffected; free; at ease
  6. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint
  7. (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and
  8. (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb.

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 脫 (“to take off (clothes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 脫, 褪
Mandarin Beijing 脫, 褪
Taiwan 脫
Harbin 脫
Yantai (Muping) 脫
Jinan 脫, 褪
Wanrong 脫
Xi'an 脫
Yinchuan 脫
Lanzhou 脫
Xining 脫
Ürümqi 脫
Wuhan 脫
Chengdu 脫
Guiyang 脫
Guilin 脫
Liuzhou 脫, 褪, 解
Xuzhou 脫
Yangzhou 脫, 褪
Nanjing 脫
Hefei 脫, 褪
Malaysia 脫
Singapore 脫
Cantonese Guangzhou 除, 脫
Hong Kong 除, 剝, 解
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 剝
Macau 剝
Guangzhou (Panyu) 除
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 脫
Guangzhou (Conghua) 除, 脫
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 除
Foshan 除
Foshan (Shunde) 除
Foshan (Sanshui) 除
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 除
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 剝
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 剝
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 剝
Zhuhai (Doumen) 剝
Jiangmen (Baisha) 除, 剝
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 除
Taishan 脫
Kaiping (Chikan) 脫
Enping (Niujiang) 脫
Heshan (Yayao) 除
Dongguan 脫, 除
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 剝
Yangjiang 褪
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 除
Penang (Guangfu) 除
Singapore (Guangfu) 除
Gan Nanchang 脫
Lichuan 脫
Pingxiang 推, 剝, 脫
Hakka Meixian 脫
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 脫
Dongguan (Qingxi) 剝
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 剝
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 脫
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 剝
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 剝
Conghua (Lütian) 脫
Yudu 脫
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 脫
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 脫
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 脫
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 脫
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 脫
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 脫
Huizhou Jixi 脫, 褪
Jin Taiyuan 脫
Xinzhou 脫
Northern Min Jian'ou 褪
Songxi 褪
Jianyang 褪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 褪
Gutian 褪
Ningde 褪
Zhouning 褪
Fuding 褪
Southern Min Xiamen 褪
Quanzhou 褪
Yongchun 褪
Zhangzhou 褪
Taipei 褪
New Taipei (Sanxia) 褪
Kaohsiung 褪
Yilan 褪
Changhua (Lukang) 褪
Taichung 褪
Tainan 褪
Hsinchu 褪
Kinmen 褪
Penghu (Magong) 褪
Penang (Hokkien) 褪
Singapore (Hokkien) 褪
Manila (Hokkien) 褪
Longyan 脫
Datian 褪
Chaozhou 褪
Shantou 褪
Jieyang 褪
Singapore (Teochew) 褪
Haikou 解
Puxian Min Putian 褪
Central Min Yong'an 脫
Sanyuan 脫
Shaxian 脫
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 剝
Sanxiang 剝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 脫
Wu Shanghai 脫
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Suzhou 脫, 褪
Wuxi 脫
Danyang 脫
Hangzhou 脫
Ningbo 脫
Wenzhou 脫
Jinhua 脫, 褪
Xiang Changsha 脫
Loudi 脫
Shuangfeng 脫
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Yantai (Muping) 和
Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Xining 帶, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Wuhan 跟
Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Xuzhou 給
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Nanjing 告, 跟
Hefei 跟
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 共
Changle 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Southern Min Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (脫):
  • → Vietnamese: thoát (脫)

Others:

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 脫
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁot-s/
English easy, leisurely

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions[edit]

脫

  1. Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”).
  2. Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (“(of skin) cast off”)
  3. a surname

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

脫

  1. (Hokkien) to slip out of place
    枕頭脫去。／枕头脱去。 [Hokkien]  ―  Chím-thâu thoah khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  The pillow slipped out of place.
  2. (Mainland China Hokkien) to misstep

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 脫 – see 挩 (“(Hokkien) to zip (zippers open or close)”).
(This character is a variant form of 挩).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

脱

Kyūjitai

脫

Kanji[edit]

脫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脱)

  1. take off, remove
  2. escape, get away

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

This form is extremely rare in Japanese. The current form of 脱 has seen some use before 1946.

Further reading[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

脫: Hán Nôm readings: thoát

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=脫&oldid=79228831"