紅毛
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See also: 红毛
Chinese
[edit]red; revolutionary; prosperity red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular |
hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (紅毛) | 紅 | 毛 | |
simp. (红毛) | 红 | 毛 |
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung4 mou4-2 / hung4 mou4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung3 mau3 / huung3 mau3*
- Eastern Min (BUC): è̤ng-mò̤
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hóngmáo
- Wade–Giles: hung2-mao2
- Yale: húng-máu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horngmau
- Palladius: хунмао (xunmao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xʊŋ³⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 紅毛/红毛
鴻毛/鸿毛
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hung4 mou4-2 / hung4 mou4
- Yale: hùhng móu / hùhng mòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung4 mou4-2 / hung4 mou4
- Guangdong Romanization: hung4 mou4-2 / hung4 mou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹⁻³⁵/, /hʊŋ²¹ mou̯²¹/
- Homophones:
紅毛/红毛
鴻毛/鸿毛
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: hung4 mou4-2 - “Caucasian”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huung3 mau3 / huung3 mau3*
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²/, /hɵŋ²² ᵐbau²²⁻²²⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: è̤ng-mò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /øyŋ⁵³⁻³³ mo⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mô͘
- Tâi-lô: âng-môo
- Phofsit Daibuun: angmoo
- IPA (Penang): /aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/
- IPA (Singapore): /aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng-mo͘
- Tâi-lô: âng-moo
- Phofsit Daibuun: angmof
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³⁻²² mɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ang5 mo5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: âng mô
- Sinological IPA (key): /aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵/
Noun
[edit]紅毛
- red hair (on animals)
- (Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, chiefly Hokkien and Teochew, derogatory) red-haired person; (by extension) Caucasian person; white person; ang moh
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → English: ang moh, angmoh, ang mo
- → Thai: อั้งม้อ (âng-mɔ́ɔ), อั้งม่อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ), อั้งหม้อ (âng-mɔ̂ɔ)
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 毛 |
こう Grade: 6 |
もう Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Possibly coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements 紅 (kō, “red, crimson”) + 毛 (mō, “hair”).
Alternatively, possibly from Middle Chinese compound 紅毛 (MC huwng maw).
Compare modern Mandarin 紅毛/红毛 (hóngmáo).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- red hair
- during the Edo period, an epithet for the Dutch, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
- in modern times, an epithet for Westerners or Europeans
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 紅毛画 (こうもうが, kōmōga): during the Edo period, western pictures that were imported into Japan through Dutch-controlled Nagasaki; those Japanese-produced pictures that were influenced by western artwork
- 紅毛人 (こうもうじん, kōmōjin): during the Edo period, an epithet for a Dutch person, contrasting with the term 南蛮 (nanban, literally “Southern barbarians”) used for the Spanish and Portuguese
- 紅毛船 (こうもうせん, kōmōsen): an epithet for European trading ships that visited Japan in the late 1600s, primarily from the Netherlands, contrasting with the term 南蛮船 (nanbansen, literally “Southern barbarian ship”) used for ships from Spain and Portugal
- 紅毛碧眼 (こうもうへきがん, kōmō hekigan): literally “red hair, blue eyes” → a Westerner
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
紅 | 毛 |
Grade: 6 | Grade: 2 |
irregular |
By extension from the red hair meaning being applied to the Dutch, used as jukujikun (熟字訓) for オランダ (Oranda, “Holland”).[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- (obsolete) Holland, the Netherlands
Usage notes
[edit]This reading was used primarily during the Edo period, and has since fallen out of use.
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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