糝

See also: 糁

糝 U+7CDD, 糝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDD ← 糜 [U+7CDC] CJK Unified Ideographs 糞 → [U+7CDE]

Translingual

Han character

糝 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火木戈戈竹 (FDIIH), four-corner 9392₂, composition ⿰米參)

1. rice grain
2. grain
3. to cook soup with rice
4. disperse
5. to paint

Derived characters

• 𢹪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27101
• Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3159, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7CDD

Chinese

Historical forms of the character 糝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
篸	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms
參	*sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum
驂	*sʰluːm
傪	*sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ
慘	*sʰluːmʔ
黲	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ
謲	*sʰluːms
毿	*sluːm
蔘	*sluːm, *srum
犙	*sluːm, *sru, *srɯu
糝	*sluːmʔ
槮	*sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ
鬖	*sloːm
摻	*sruːm, *sruːmʔ
醦	*sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ
縿	*sroːm
穇	*sroːm
嵾	*sʰrum
磣	*sʰrumʔ
墋	*sʰrumʔ
曑	*srum
瘮	*srumʔ
滲	*srums

Etymology 1

trad.		糝
simp.		糁
alternative forms		參／参 糂

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sǎn (san³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam² / sam²
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵soe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǎn
    • Wade–Giles: san³
    • Yale: sǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saan
    • Palladius: сань (sanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saam² / sam²
    • Yale: sáam / sám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam² / sam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam² / sem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm³⁵/, /sɐm³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵soe
    • MiniDict: soe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²soe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sø³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: somX

Rime
Character	糝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	桑感切
Baxter	somX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/səmX/
Shao Rongfen	/sɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səmX/
Li Rong	/sᴀmX/
Wang Li	/sɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/sămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sluːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糝
Reading #	1/1
No.	1092
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	糂
Old Chinese	/*sluːmʔ/
Notes	同糂

Definitions

糝

1. grain of cooked rice
2. (literary) to mix rice with soup

   • 孔子窮於陳、蔡之間，七日不火食，藜羹不糝，顏色甚憊，而弦歌於室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     孔子穷于陈、蔡之间，七日不火食，藜羹不糁，颜色甚惫，而弦歌于室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Kǒngzǐ qióng yú Chén, Cài zhījiān, qī rì bù huǒshí, lígēng bù sǎn, yánsè shèn bèi, ér xiángē yú shì. [Pinyin]

     When Confucius was reduced to extreme distress between Zhan and Cai, for seven days he had no cooked meat to eat, but only some soup of coarse vegetables without any rice in it. His countenance wore the appearance of great exhaustion, and yet he kept playing on his lute and singing inside the house.

3. (literary) to scatter

Etymology 2

trad.		糝
simp.		糁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ

• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): siam¹ / siang¹ / sam¹ / sim¹ / som¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shen
    • Wade–Giles: shên¹
    • Yale: shēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēnr
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shenr
    • Wade–Giles: shên¹-ʼrh
    • Yale: shēnr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shel
    • Palladius: шэньр (šɛnʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂəɻ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siam¹ / siang¹ / sam¹ / sim¹ / som¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siam / siang / sam / sim / som
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siam³³/, /siaŋ³³/, /sam³³/, /sim³³/, /som³³/

Note:

• siam1 - Chaozhou;
• siang1 - Chenghai;
• sam1 - Jieyang;
• sim1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
• som1 - Raoping.

---

• Middle Chinese: somX

Rime
Character	糝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	桑感切
Baxter	somX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sʌmX/
Pan Wuyun	/səmX/
Shao Rongfen	/sɒmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səmX/
Li Rong	/sᴀmX/
Wang Li	/sɒmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/sămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sluːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糝
Reading #	1/1
No.	1092
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	糂
Old Chinese	/*sluːmʔ/
Notes	同糂

Definitions

糝

1. crushed grain

Etymology 3

trad.		糝
simp.		糁
alternative forms		沈 Cantonese 審／审 Cantonese 滲／渗 Cantonese 嘇／𰇼 Hokkien 摻／掺 Hokkien

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from etymology 1 "to scatter"?”)

Pronunciation

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sam²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhem²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sam²

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sam²
    • Yale: sám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lhem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬem⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sám
    • Tâi-lô: sám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sarm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sam⁵²/

Definitions

糝

1. (Cantonese, Southern Min) to sprinkle (powder)

   糝啲胡椒粉／糁啲胡椒粉 [Cantonese]  ―  sam² di¹ wu⁴ ziu¹ fan² [Jyutping]  ―  to sprinkle some pepper

Etymology 4

trad.		糝
simp.		糁
alternative forms		嘇／𰇼 摻／掺

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sám

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sám
    • Tâi-lô: sám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sarm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam⁴¹/

Definitions

糝

1. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gobble; to devour; to gorge
2. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) casually; at random; carelessly; haphazardly; randomly; as one pleases; without restraint or goal

Japanese

Kanji

糝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. scattered (grains of rice)
2. mixed

Readings

• On (unclassified): さん (san); しん (shin)
• Kun: こながき (konagaki)

Korean

Hanja

糝 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)

1. scattered (grains of rice)
2. mixed