尺
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
[edit]尺 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 尸人 (SO), four-corner 77807, composition ⿸尸㇏)
Derived characters
[edit]- 伬, 呎, 㘮, 𡛄, 鿈, 𢗜, 𣏧, 𬓤, 粎, 蚇, 咫, 𰁗, 𪧆, 𦬨, 𫁶, 庹
- 迟, 尽, 昼 (Simplified form of 遲, 盡, 晝 in mainland China)
- 𡵸, 択, 沢, 𥐮, 䋇, 訳, 釈, 鈬, 駅 (Japanese shinjitai of 嶧, 擇, 澤, 礋, 繹, 譯, 釋, 鐸, 驛)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 299, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7632
- Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 964, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5C3A
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 尺 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Perhaps the pictogram of a ruler or a similar tool to measure distance.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 尺 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 尺 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ci2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): chǐ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chii̊q
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чы (čɨ, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cek3
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): coe9
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ciak1 / ciak4
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): cik3
- Gan (Wiktionary): cah6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ceh4
- Northern Min (KCR): chiŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): chióh / chék
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cieo5 / cih6
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ciak2
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): cha6 / chr6
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): qio2 / qi2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): qia6 / qi6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih3
- Yale: chř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih2
- Yale: chŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: 'chí' pronunciation only used in 尺寸 (chícun).
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ci2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: c
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: chǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: chii̊q
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chiiq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чы (čɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cek3
- Yale: chek
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsek8
- Guangdong Romanization: cég3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: coe9
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰø²⁴/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ciak1 / ciak4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiak̚³³/, /t͡sʰiak̚²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- ciak1 - “chi”;
- ciak4 – “ruler”.
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: cik3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ʃʰɪk̚²⁴/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cah6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhak
- Hakka Romanization System: cagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cag5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰak̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ceh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chióh / chék
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuɔʔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- chióh - vernacular;
- chék - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cieo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰieu²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cih6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiʔ²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- cieo5 - vernacular;
- cih6 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sioh
- Tâi-lô: sioh
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioiq
- IPA (Zhangpu): /sioʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
- Tâi-lô: tshik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
- Tâi-lô: tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
Note:
- chhioh/sioh - vernacular;
- chhek/chhiak - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cioh4 / ciêh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshioh / tshieh
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰioʔ²/, /t͡sʰieʔ²/
Note:
- cioh4 - Shantou;
- ciêh4 - Chaozhou.
Note:
- cio7 - vernacular;
- qig4 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: ciak2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiɐk̚³³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 7tshaq
- MiniDict: tshah入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4tshaq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sʰaʔ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰɑʔ⁴³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰɐʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Changzhou, Haiyan, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Shaoxing)
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Ningbo)
- Xiang
Note:
- cha6 - vernacular;
- chr6 - literary.
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: qio2 / qi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɔ¹³/, /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Note:
- qio2 - vernacular;
- qi2 - literary.
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: qia6 / qi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ä²²/, /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Note:
- qia6 - vernacular;
- qi6 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsyhek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰAk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaɡ/
Definitions
[edit]尺
- chi; Chinese foot (a traditional Chinese unit of distance based on the human forearm and equal to 10 cun (寸) or 1/10 zhang (丈))
- (Mainland China) mainland chi; Chinese foot, standardized in 1984 as 1/3 meter
- (Taiwan) Taiwanese foot, standardized as 10/33 meter and identical to the Japanese shaku
- (Hong Kong) chek; Hong Kong foot, standardized as 0.371475 meters
- (informal) imperial foot
- ruler (straightedge) (Classifier: 把 m c; 支 m h mn; 桿/杆 m)
- tape measure
Synonyms
[edit]- (ruler):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 尺, 尺子 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 尺 |
Taiwan | 尺 | |
Harbin | 尺 | |
Singapore | 尺 | |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 尺 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 尺子 |
Wanrong | 尺 | |
Xi'an | 尺子 | |
Xining | 尺子 | |
Xuzhou | 尺子 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 尺子 |
Ürümqi | 尺子 | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 尺, 尺子, 尺片兒 |
Wuhan | 尺 | |
Guiyang | 尺子 | |
Liuzhou | 尺子 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 尺 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 間尺 |
Hong Kong | 間尺, 尺 | |
Taishan | 間尺, 尺 | |
Dongguan | 尺 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 尺 |
Lichuan | 尺 | |
Pingxiang | 尺 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 尺 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 尺 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 尺 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 尺 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 尺 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 尺 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 尺 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 尺 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 尺子 |
Xinzhou | 尺子 | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 尺 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 尺 |
Southern Min | Jinjiang | 格尺 |
Shantou | 尺 | |
Puning | 格尺 | |
Leizhou | 尺 | |
Haikou | 尺 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 尺 |
Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 尺 |
Danyang | 尺 | |
Hangzhou | 尺 | |
Ningbo | 尺 | |
Wenzhou | 尺 | |
Jinhua | 尺 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 尺 |
See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ)
- 丁字尺 (dīngzìchǐ)
- 七尺
- 七尺軀/七尺躯
- 三尺
- 三尺劍/三尺剑
- 三尺喙
- 三尺法
- 三角尺 (sānjiǎochǐ)
- 二尺半
- 五尺之童
- 伸縮尺/伸缩尺
- 公尺 (gōngchǐ)
- 六尺之孤
- 冰壺玉尺/冰壶玉尺
- 刀尺
- 勾尺
- 卡尺 (kǎchǐ)
- 去天尺五
- 咫尺 (zhǐchǐ)
- 咫尺之地
- 咫尺千里
- 咫尺天涯
- 咫尺山河
- 咫尺萬里
- 喙長三尺/喙长三尺
- 圍尺/围尺
- 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
- 壓尺/压尺
- 天涯咫尺
- 官尺
- 寸兵尺鐵/寸兵尺铁
- 寸土尺地
- 寸地尺天
- 寸田尺宅
- 寸男尺女
- 寸長尺技/寸长尺技
- 寸長尺短/寸长尺短
- 寸陰尺璧/寸阴尺璧
- 尋尺/寻尺
- 尺一
- 尺二冤家
- 尺二秀才
- 尺五
- 尺八 (chǐbā)
- 尺兵
- 尺口
- 尺土
- 尺土之柄
- 尺寸
- 尺寸之功 (chǐcùn zhī gōng)
- 尺寸之地
- 尺寸千里
- 尺寸斗粟
- 尺布斗粟
- 尺幅
- 尺幅千里
- 尺度 (chǐdù)
- 尺書/尺书
- 尺板
- 尺板斗食
- 尺步繩趨/尺步绳趋
- 尺水丈波
- 尺波
- 尺波電謝/尺波电谢
- 尺澤/尺泽
- 尺牘/尺牍 (chǐdú)
- 尺璧
- 尺短寸長/尺短寸长
- 尺碼/尺码 (chǐmǎ)
- 尺簡/尺简
- 尺籍
- 尺素 (chǐsù)
- 尺脈/尺脉
- 尺蠖 (chǐhuò)
- 尺蠖之屈
- 尺蠖蛾
- 尺錦/尺锦
- 尺鐵/尺铁
- 尺頭/尺头
- 尺頭兒/尺头儿
- 尺骨 (chǐgǔ)
- 市尺 (shìchǐ)
- 律尺
- 得寸思尺
- 得寸進尺/得寸进尺 (décùnjìnchǐ)
- 得尺得寸
- 心尺
- 戒尺 (jièchǐ)
- 捲尺/卷尺 (juǎnchǐ)
- 摺尺/折尺 (zhéchǐ)
- 攑頭三尺有神明/𫽥头三尺有神明 (gia̍h thâu saⁿ chhioh ū sîn-bîng) (Min Nan)
- 文公尺
- 斗粟尺布
- 曲尺 (qūchǐ)
- 枉尺直尋/枉尺直寻
- 檢尺/检尺
- 比例尺 (bǐlìchǐ)
- 沒尺寸/没尺寸
- 法尺
- 游標卡尺/游标卡尺 (yóubiāo kǎchǐ)
- 營造尺/营造尺
- 獨守尺寸/独守尺寸
- 玉尺量才
- 界尺 (jièchǐ)
- 百尺
- 百尺竿頭/百尺竿头
- 皮尺 (píchǐ)
- 盈尺之地
- 直尺 (zhíchǐ)
- 相去咫尺
- 眉間尺/眉间尺
- 矩尺 (jǔchǐ)
- 矩矱繩尺/矩矱绳尺
- 篾尺
- 縮尺/缩尺
- 縱黍尺/纵黍尺
- 繩尺/绳尺
- 繩趨尺步/绳趋尺步
- 臺尺/台尺
- 英尺 (yīngchǐ)
- 表尺 (biǎochǐ)
- 裁衣尺
- 製圖尺/制图尺
- 規尺/规尺
- 角尺 (jiǎochǐ)
- 計算尺/计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ)
- 詘寸伸尺/诎寸伸尺
- 詘寸信尺/诎寸信尺
- 近在咫尺 (jìnzàizhǐchǐ)
- 進寸退尺/进寸退尺
- 進尺/进尺
- 遊尺/游尺
- 部尺
- 鈿尺/钿尺
- 鋪尺/铺尺
- 鋼尺/钢尺
- 鎮尺/镇尺
- 鐵尺/铁尺
- 魯般尺/鲁般尺 (lǔbānchǐ)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 尺 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 尺 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ce2 / ce1
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiĕ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ce1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chě
- Wade–Giles: chʻê3
- Yale: chě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chee
- Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ce2 / ce1
- Yale: ché / chē
- Cantonese Pinyin: tse2 / tse1
- Guangdong Romanization: cé2 / cé1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛː³⁵/, /t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiĕ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰie⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ce1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰe⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Definitions
[edit]尺
- (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note re (2).
- (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note re (2).
Compounds
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]尺
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゃく (shaku, Jōyō)←しやく (syaku, historical)
- Kan-on: せき (seki)
- Kun: さし (sashi, 尺)、ものさし (monosashi, 尺)
Compounds
[edit]Derived terms
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
尺 |
しゃく Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 尺 (MC tsyhek).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the shaku, "metal shaku", or Japanese foot: a traditional Japanese unit of length equal to 10 sun (寸) or 1⁄10 jō (丈), standardized as 10⁄33 of a meter
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 6, page 46:
- 尺 [...] 廣本無上字、説文、尺十寸也、人手却十分動脈爲寸口、十寸爲尺、尺所以指尺規榘事也从尸从乙、乙所識也、今俗呼佐之或呼毛乃佐之 [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō (volume 9, page 55)
- 尺 シャク 十寸為尺
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 741:
- Xacu. シャク (尺) 1 palmoよりも少し長い, ある尺度. 例, Ixxacu, nixacu. (一尺, 二尺) Xacuuo toru. l, xacudoru. (尺を取る. または, 尺取る) 上述のようなpalmoを単位として寸法を計る.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- the "whale shaku", a variant of the shaku used in measuring cloth equal to 25⁄66 of a meter
- length
- Short for 尺障泥 (shaku aori, “geometer moth, Geometra papilionaria”).
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 741:
- Xacu. l, xacumuxi. シャク. または, しゃくむし (尺. または, 尺虫) 歩くときに身を縮めたりしながら進む一種の小虫. Xacude taiuo tçuru. (尺で鯛を釣る) 諺. この小虫で鯛を釣って取る人のように, 小さなもので大きなものを手に入れる.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Short for 尺取虫 (shaku-tori mushi, “inchworm”).
Idioms
[edit]- 尺で鯛を釣る (shaku de tai o tsuru)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
尺 |
たかばかり Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
竹量 鷹秤 |
Compound of bound 竹 (taka, “bamboo”) + 測り (hakari), voiced due to compounding.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]尺 • (takabakari)
- a bamboo measure
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 6, page 46:
- 尺 魏武上雜物䟽云、象牙尺、齒亦反、辨色立成云、尺竹量也、太加波可利
- Rule The Record of Emperor Wei Wu's Various Possessions speaks of an ivory rule, fanqie shaku. The Establishment of Distinct Colours says a rule is a bamboo measure, takapakari.
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
- Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]尺 (eum 척 (cheok))
- hanja form? of 자 (“Korean foot (30.3cm)”)
- hanja form? of 자 (“ruler; straightedge”)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 척도 (尺度, cheokdo, “linear measure”)
- 척확 (尺蠖, cheokhwak, “measuring worm; inchworm; spanworm; looper”)
- 계산척 (計算尺, gyesancheok, “slide rule; slipstick”)
- 곡척 (曲尺, gokcheok, “steel square; carpenter's square”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]尺: Hán Việt readings: xích[1][2][3][4]
尺: Nôm readings: xệch[2][5][4], xách[1][5], xế[2][5], xích[3][6], sệch[2], xạch[2], xịch[5]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
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