下工夫

Chinese

		under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter	time and effort taken to perform a task; work
simp. and trad. (下工夫)		下	工夫
alternative forms		下功夫

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xià gōngfu

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ gung¹ fu¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hē-kang-hu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xià gōngfu
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sià gongfů
    • Wade–Giles: hsia⁴ kung¹-fu⁵
    • Yale: syà gūng-fu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah gong.fu
    • Palladius: ся гунфу (sja gunfu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁶ gung¹ fu¹
    • Yale: hah gūng fū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ gung¹ fu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ gung¹ fu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²² kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē-kang-hu
    • Tâi-lô: hē-kang-hu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hexkanghw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /he²²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /he⁴¹⁻²² kaŋ³³ hu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /he²²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /he³³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /he³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/

Verb

下⫽工夫 (verb-object)

1. to put in time and energy

Synonyms

• (Hainanese) 落工夫

Related terms

• 埋頭／埋头 (máitóu)