イコール

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Japanese

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English equal.[1][2][3][4][5]

First cited to a text from 1901.[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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イコール (ikōru-na (adnominal イコール (ikōru na), adverbial イコール (ikōru ni))

  1. [from 1936] equal, equivalent, the same
    Synonyms: 等しい (hitoshii, equivalent), 同じ (onaji, same)
    これらの(げん)(しょう)イコール(かん)(けい)にあります。
    Korera no genshō wa ikōru na kankei ni arimasu.
    These phenomena are in an equivalent relationship.
    (たが)いにイコール(かん)(けい)()()
    otagai ni ikōru na kankei de mukiau
    they meet in an equal relationship to each other
    ()(まん)できると(だい)(じょう)()イコールじゃない
    gaman dekiru to daijōbu wa ikōru ja nai
    being able to get by and being okay are not the same

Noun

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イコール (ikōru

  1. [from 1901] the equals sign, =

Particle

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イコール (ikōru

  1. [from at least 1971] (informal) equals, is equal to, is equivalent to, entails
    ○○って、イコール☆☆でしょ。
    ○○ Tte, ikōru ☆☆ desho.
    ○○ is equal to ☆☆, right?
    (かれ)()ない(れき)イコール(ねん)(れい)(だい)(がく)(せい)
    kareshi inai reki ikōru nenrei no daigakusei
    college student whose history of not having a boyfriend is equal to their age
    ()イコール(よわ)という(かんが)(かた)
    naku ikōru yowai to iu kangae-kata
    the belief that crying entails being a weakling
    • 2009, 石原加受子, 「つい悩んでしまう」がなくなるコツ, すばる舎, page ?:
      そもそも、こんな(のぞ)んでもいない()(ぶん)になることが、イコール(なや)みが(かい)(しょう)した(じょう)(たい)」と(おも)()んでいることが、()(ちが)っていると(おも)いませんか?
      Somosomo, konna nozonde mo inai jibun ni naru koto ga, ikōru “nayami ga kaishō shita jōtai” to omoikonde iru koto ga, machigatte iru to omoimasen ka?
      Don't you think it's a mistake in the first place to believe that this kind of "you" that you didn't even hope for equals "having all your worries cleared away"?

Usage notes

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Usage of this term is unusual for Japanese grammar. This behaves in an attributive manner, coming immediately after a noun or noun phrase (with that noun phrase occasionally taking the subject particle (ga)), and then modifying a following noun or noun phrase. However, the word ikōru does not belong to any of the classes of words that normally function attributively in Japanese: it is not a verb or adjective. Nor does this usage include the attributive particles (no) or (na) after ikōru.

This construction appears to have developed from use of the term in mathematics, where equations are written and read much in the same manner as in English: 1 + 1 = 2, ichi purasu ichi ikōru ni.

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 イコール”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN