ὑγρός

See also: υγρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ugrós, from Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“wet, moist”). Cognate with Latin ūmeō.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hy.ɡrós/ → /yˈɣros/ → /iˈɣros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy.ɡrós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)yˈɡros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yˈɣros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yˈɣros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈɣros/

Adjective

ὑγρός • (hugrós) m (feminine ὑγρᾱ́, neuter ὑγρόν); first/second declension

1. wet, moist

   Antonym: ξηρός (xērós)

2. fluid

Inflection

First and second declension of ὑγρός; ὑγρᾱ́; ὑγρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὑγρός hugrós	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρόν hugrón		ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ		ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Genitive		ὑγροῦ hugroû	ὑγρᾶς hugrâs	ὑγροῦ hugroû		ὑγροῖν hugroîn	ὑγραῖν hugraîn	ὑγροῖν hugroîn		ὑγρῶν hugrôn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn
Dative		ὑγρῷ hugrôi	ὑγρᾷ hugrâi	ὑγρῷ hugrôi		ὑγροῖν hugroîn	ὑγραῖν hugraîn	ὑγροῖν hugroîn		ὑγροῖς hugroîs	ὑγραῖς hugraîs	ὑγροῖς hugroîs
Accusative		ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρᾱ́ν hugrā́n	ὑγρόν hugrón		ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ		ὑγρούς hugroús	ὑγρᾱ́ς hugrā́s	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Vocative		ὑγρέ hugré	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρόν hugrón		ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ		ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὑγρῶς hugrôs				ὑγρότερος hugróteros				ὑγρότᾰτος hugrótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ὑγρός; ὑγρή; ὑγρόν (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ὑγρός hugrós	ὑγρή hugrḗ	ὑγρόν hugrón		ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ		ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Genitive		ὑγροῦ / ὑγροῖο / ὑγρόο hugroû / hugroîo / hugróo	ὑγρῆς hugrês	ὑγροῦ / ὑγροῖο / ὑγρόο hugroû / hugroîo / hugróo		ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin	ὑγραῖν / ὑγραῖῐν / ὑγρῇῐν hugraî(i)n / hugrêiin	ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin		ὑγρῶν hugrôn	ὑγρᾱ́ων / ὑγρέ͜ων / ὑγρῶν hugrā́ōn / hugré͜ōn / hugrôn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn
Dative		ὑγρῷ hugrôi	ὑγρῇ hugrêi	ὑγρῷ hugrôi		ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin	ὑγραῖν / ὑγραῖῐν / ὑγρῇῐν hugraî(i)n / hugrêiin	ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin		ὑγροῖσῐ / ὑγροῖσῐν / ὑγροῖς hugroîsi(n) / hugroîs	ὑγρῇσῐ / ὑγρῇσῐν / ὑγρῇς / ὑγραῖς hugrêisi(n) / hugrêis / hugraîs	ὑγροῖσῐ / ὑγροῖσῐν / ὑγροῖς hugroîsi(n) / hugroîs
Accusative		ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρήν hugrḗn	ὑγρόν hugrón		ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ		ὑγρούς hugroús	ὑγρᾱ́ς hugrā́s	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Vocative		ὑγρέ hugré	ὑγρή hugrḗ	ὑγρόν hugrón		ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ		ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ὑγρῶς hugrôs				ὑγρότερος hugróteros				ὑγρότᾰτος hugrótatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ὑγρόφθογγος (hugróphthongos)

Descendants

• → English: hygro-
• → French: hygro-
• Greek: υγρός (ygrós)
• → Italian: igro-
• → Portuguese: higro-

Further reading

• “ὑγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὑγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὑγρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὑγρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὑγρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὑγρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5200 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • clammy idem, page 134.
  • crumbling idem, page 187.
  • damp idem, page 194.
  • elastic idem, page 265.
  • faint idem, page 302.
  • feeble idem, page 313.
  • flexible idem, page 327.
  • fluid idem, page 330.
  • friable idem, page 345.
  • languid idem, page 475.
  • limp idem, page 492.
  • liquid idem, page 494.
  • lithe idem, page 495.
  • moist idem, page 538.
  • nerveless idem, page 556.
  • pliable idem, page 621.
  • pliant idem, page 621.
  • resilient idem, page 702.
  • soft idem, page 791.
  • supple idem, page 840.
  • unresisting idem, page 929.
  • watery idem, page 967.
  • weak idem, page 969.
  • wet idem, page 974.
  • yielding idem, page 996.
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1118
• “ὑγρός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011