ἔτι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἔτ’ (ét’) — apocopic before smooth breathing
• ἔθ’ (éth’) — apocopic before rough breathing

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *éti. Cognates include Latin et, Sanskrit अति (ati) and Old Church Slavonic отъ (otŭ).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /é.ti/ → /ˈe.ti/ → /ˈe.ti/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.ti/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.ti/

Adverb

ἔτῐ • (éti)

1. (of time) yet, still
   1. (of the present)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.254
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.222
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 623
      • Anth. P. 9.567
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.455
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.77
      • 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 215D
      • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 708, (compare Agamemnon 818)
   2. (of the past, mostly with imperfect)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.493
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 430
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 310C
      • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 93A
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.111
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.45
   3. (of the future)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.96
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.305
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.230
      • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 908
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 66
   4. (with a negative) no more, no longer
2. (of degree) yet, still, besides, further, moreover
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.325
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 156
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.623
   • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 218
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 114
   • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1339
   • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 720
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 279A
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.80
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.6.13
   • 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 239D
   1. (often to strengthen a comparative)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.97
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.22
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 10.88
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.6
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.80
      • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 987
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 272
   2. (with the positive)
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 184B
      • 360 BCE, Plato, The Sophist 242D
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.5.9
      • 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 53
      • 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 462
      • 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 864

Derived terms

• μηκέτι (mēkéti)
• οὐκέτι (oukéti)

Further reading

• “ἔτι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔτι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔτι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔτι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἔτι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἔτι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2089 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • addition idem, page 11.
  • besides idem, page 75.
  • extra idem, page 297.
  • further idem, page 350.
  • long idem, page 498.
  • more idem, page 541.
  • moreover idem, page 541.
  • still idem, page 817.
  • too idem, page 880.
  • well idem, page 973.
  • yet idem, page 996.