ἀπολογία
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From ᾰ̓πο- (apo-, “back”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun–forming suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.po.lo.ɡí.aː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /a.po.loˈɡi.a/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /a.po.loˈʝi.a/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /a.po.loˈʝi.a/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /a.po.loˈʝi.a/
Noun
[edit]ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ • (apologíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine)
- a speech made in defense of something; apology
- ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱν ποιεῖσθαι
- apologíān poieîsthai
- to make a defense
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.61.1:
- Τοὺς μὲν λόγους οὐκ ἂν ᾐτησάμεθα εἰπεῖν, εἰ καὶ αὐτοὶ βραχέως τὸ ἐρωτηθὲν ἀπεκρίναντο καὶ μὴ ἐπὶ ἡμᾶς τραπόμενοι κατηγορίαν ἐποιήσαντο καὶ περὶ αὑτῶν ἔξω τῶν προκειμένων καὶ ἅμα οὐδὲ ᾐτιαμένων πολλὴν τὴν ἀπολογίαν καὶ ἔπαινον ὧν οὐδεὶς ἐμέμψατο.
- Toùs mèn lógous ouk àn ēitēsámetha eipeîn, ei kaì autoì brakhéōs tò erōtēthèn apekrínanto kaì mḕ epì hēmâs trapómenoi katēgorían epoiḗsanto kaì perì hautôn éxō tôn prokeiménōn kaì háma oudè ēitiaménōn pollḕn tḕn apologían kaì épainon hôn oudeìs emémpsato.
- 1881 translation by Benjamin Jowett
- We should never have asked to speak, if the Plataeans had briefly answered the question which was put to them, and had not turned upon us and arraigned us while they made a long and irrelevant defence of their own doings, excusing themselves from charges which nobody brought against them, and praising what nobody blamed.
- Τοὺς μὲν λόγους οὐκ ἂν ᾐτησάμεθα εἰπεῖν, εἰ καὶ αὐτοὶ βραχέως τὸ ἐρωτηθὲν ἀπεκρίναντο καὶ μὴ ἐπὶ ἡμᾶς τραπόμενοι κατηγορίαν ἐποιήσαντο καὶ περὶ αὑτῶν ἔξω τῶν προκειμένων καὶ ἅμα οὐδὲ ᾐτιαμένων πολλὴν τὴν ἀπολογίαν καὶ ἔπαινον ὧν οὐδεὶς ἐμέμψατο.
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 28a:
- ἀλλὰ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀδικῶ κατὰ τὴν Μελήτου γραφήν, οὐ πολλῆς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἀπολογίας, ἀλλὰ ἱκανὰ καὶ ταῦτα
- allà gár, ô ándres Athēnaîoi, hōs mèn egṑ ouk adikô katà tḕn Melḗtou graphḗn, ou pollês moi dokeî eînai apologías, allà hikanà kaì taûta
- 1966 translation by Harold North Fowler
- Well then, men of Athens, that I am not a wrongdoer according to Meletus's indictment, seems to me not to need much of a defence, but what has been said is enough
- ἀλλὰ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀδικῶ κατὰ τὴν Μελήτου γραφήν, οὐ πολλῆς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἀπολογίας, ἀλλὰ ἱκανὰ καὶ ταῦτα
- New Testament, Epistle to the Philippians 1:16:
- ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι
- hóti eis apologían toû euangelíou keîmai
- because I am here for the defense of the gospel
- ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ hē apologíā |
τὼ ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ tṑ apologíā |
αἱ ᾰ̓πολογῐ́αι hai apologíai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς tês apologíās |
τοῖν ᾰ̓πολογῐ́αιν toîn apologíain |
τῶν ᾰ̓πολογῐῶν tôn apologiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾳ têi apologíāi |
τοῖν ᾰ̓πολογῐ́αιν toîn apologíain |
ταῖς ᾰ̓πολογῐ́αις taîs apologíais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱν tḕn apologíān |
τὼ ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ tṑ apologíā |
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς tā̀s apologíās | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ apologíā |
ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ apologíā |
ᾰ̓πολογῐ́αι apologíai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms
[edit]- κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (katēgoríā)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: απολογία (apología)
- → Bulgarian: апология (apologija)
- → Latin: apologia (see there for further descendants)
- → Macedonian: апологија (apologija)
- → Russian: апология (apologija)
- → Serbo-Croatian: апологија, apologija
References
[edit]- “ἀπολογία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms prefixed with ἀπο-
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ία
- Ancient Greek 5-syllable words
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