ἀκούω
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See also: ακούω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *akouhō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti, and cognate with English hear, hark and harken. In this word, the diphthong ου (ou) is genuine (see spurious diphthong on Wikipedia for an explanation).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.kǔː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈku.o/
Verb
[edit]ᾰ̓κούω • (akoúō)
- (transitive) to hear [with accusative ‘something’; or with genitive ‘someone’]
- (transitive) to hear about, learn
- (transitive) to listen, pay attention to, heed
- Ἄκουε τοῦ διδασκάλου!
- Ákoue toû didaskálou!
- Listen to the teacher!
- Νῦν δὲ ἄκουσόν μου!
- Nûn dè ákousón mou!
- Now listen to me!
- (transitive) to understand
- (transitive) to obey
- (passive voice) to be called, be spoken of, be known as
Usage notes
[edit]Usually, the object which is heard takes the accusative case, while the speaker, when present, takes the genitive. Sometimes the object is in the genitive, or the person is introduced with a preposition.
Inflection
[edit]Attic uses the future middle ἀκούσομαι (akoúsomai), while future active ἀκούσω (akoúsō) appears in Koine and Homer (Iliad 21.475).
Present: ᾰ̓κούω, ᾰ̓κούομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤκουον | ἤκουες | ἤκουε(ν) | ἠκούετον | ἠκουέτην | ἠκούομεν | ἠκούετε | ἤκουον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠκουόμην | ἠκούου | ἠκούετο | ἠκούεσθον | ἠκουέσθην | ἠκουόμεθᾰ | ἠκούεσθε | ἠκούοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓́κουον | ᾰ̓́κουες | ᾰ̓́κουε(ν) | ᾰ̓κούετον | ᾰ̓κουέτην | ᾰ̓κούομεν | ᾰ̓κούετε | ᾰ̓́κουον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓κουόμην | ᾰ̓κούου | ᾰ̓κούετο | ᾰ̓κούεσθον | ᾰ̓κουέσθην | ᾰ̓κουόμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̓κούεσθε | ᾰ̓κούοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ᾰ̓κήκοᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓κήκοᾰ | ᾰ̓κήκοᾰς | ᾰ̓κήκοε(ν) | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόᾰτε | ᾰ̓κηκόᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓κηκόω | ᾰ̓κηκόῃς | ᾰ̓κηκόῃ | ᾰ̓κηκόητον | ᾰ̓κηκόητον | ᾰ̓κηκόωμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόητε | ᾰ̓κηκόωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓κηκόοιμῐ, ᾰ̓κηκοοίην |
ᾰ̓κηκόοις, ᾰ̓κηκοοίης |
ᾰ̓κηκόοι, ᾰ̓κηκοοίη |
ᾰ̓κηκόοιτον | ᾰ̓κηκοοίτην | ᾰ̓κηκόοιμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόοιτε | ᾰ̓κηκόοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓κήκοε | ᾰ̓κηκοέτω | ᾰ̓κηκόετον | ᾰ̓κηκοέτων | ᾰ̓κηκόετε | ᾰ̓κηκοόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓κηκοέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓κηκοώς | |||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓κηκουῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓κηκοός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἄκουκᾰ | ἄκουκᾰς | ἄκουκε(ν) | ἀκούκᾰτον | ἀκούκᾰτον | ἀκούκᾰμες | ἀκούκᾰτε | ἀκουκᾰ́τι, ἀκούκᾰντῐ | ||||
subjunctive | ἀκούκω | ἀκούκῃς | ἀκούκῃ | ἀκούκητον | ἀκούκητον | ἀκούκωμες | ἀκούκητε | ἀκούκωντῐ | |||||
optative | ἀκούκοιμῐ, ἀκουκοίην |
ἀκούκοις, ἀκουκοίης |
ἀκούκοι, ἀκουκοίη |
ἀκούκοιτον | ἀκουκοίτᾱν | ἀκούκοιμες | ἀκούκοιτε | ἀκούκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἄκουκε | ἀκουκέτω | ἀκούκετον | ἀκουκέτων | ἀκούκετε | ἀκουκόντω | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀκουκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀκουκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἀκουκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἀκουκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | indicative | ἤκουκᾰ | ἤκουκᾰς | ἤκουκε(ν) | ἠκούκᾰτον | ἠκούκᾰτον | ἠκούκᾰμεν | ἠκούκᾰτε | ἠκούκᾱσῐ(ν) |
subjunctive | ἠκούκω | ἠκούκῃς | ἠκούκῃ | ἠκούκητον | ἠκούκητον | ἠκούκωμεν | ἠκούκητε | ἠκούκωσῐ(ν) | |
optative | ἠκούκοιμῐ, ἠκουκοίην |
ἠκούκοις, ἠκουκοίης |
ἠκούκοι, ἠκουκοίη |
ἠκούκοιτον | ἠκουκοίτην | ἠκούκοιμεν | ἠκούκοιτε | ἠκούκοιεν | |
imperative | ἤκουκε | ἠκουκέτω | ἠκούκετον | ἠκουκέτων | ἠκούκετε | ἠκουκόντων | |||
active | |||||||||
infinitive | ἠκουκέναι | ||||||||
participle | m | ἠκουκώς | |||||||
f | ἠκουκυῖᾰ | ||||||||
n | ἠκουκός |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓κήκουκᾰ | ᾰ̓κήκουκᾰς | ᾰ̓κήκουκε(ν) | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰτον | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰμεν | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾰτε | ᾰ̓κηκούκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̓κηκούκω | ᾰ̓κηκούκῃς | ᾰ̓κηκούκῃ | ᾰ̓κηκούκητον | ᾰ̓κηκούκητον | ᾰ̓κηκούκωμεν | ᾰ̓κηκούκητε | ᾰ̓κηκούκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιμῐ, ᾰ̓κηκουκοίην |
ᾰ̓κηκούκοις, ᾰ̓κηκουκοίης |
ᾰ̓κηκούκοι, ᾰ̓κηκουκοίη |
ᾰ̓κηκούκοιτον | ᾰ̓κηκουκοίτην | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιμεν | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιτε | ᾰ̓κηκούκοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̓κήκουκε | ᾰ̓κηκουκέτω | ᾰ̓κηκούκετον | ᾰ̓κηκουκέτων | ᾰ̓κηκούκετε | ᾰ̓κηκουκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓κηκουκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓κηκουκώς | |||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓κηκουκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓κηκουκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ᾰ̓κηκόειν
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓κηκόειν, ᾰ̓κηκόη |
ᾰ̓κηκόεις, ᾰ̓κηκόης |
ᾰ̓κηκόει(ν) | ᾰ̓κηκόετον | ᾰ̓κηκοέτην | ᾰ̓κηκόεμεν | ᾰ̓κηκόετε | ᾰ̓κηκόεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἠκηκόειν, ἠκηκόη |
ἠκηκόεις, ἠκηκόης |
ἠκηκόει(ν) | ἠκηκόετον | ἠκηκοέτην | ἠκηκόεμεν | ἠκηκόετε | ἠκηκόεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: ακούω (akoúo)
References
[edit]- “ἀκούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀκούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀκούω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀκούω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἀκούω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G191 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- “ἀκούω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ew- (perceive)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with usage examples
- grc:Hearing