ᚦᛡᛏ

Proto-Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þat (neuter of *sa (“that”)), from Proto-Indo-European *tód (neuter of *só (“that”)). Cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata).

Pronoun

ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt /þat/) (Transitional Period)

1. that (nominative and accusative singular neuter demonstrative pronoun)
   • 500s-600s Stentoften Runestone

     […] ᚺᛖᚱᛡᛗᛡᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦᛡᚱᛡᚷᛖᚢᚹᛖᛚᛡᛞᚢᛞᛋᛡᚦᛡᛏ ¶ ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ
     […] herᴀmᴀlᴀsᴀzᴀrᴀgeuwelᴀdudsᴀþᴀt ¶ bᴀriutiþ

     […] herᵃmalausᵃʀ arᵃgiu, wēladauðē, sa þat bᵃriutiþ.

     […] Defenceless by [reason of] perversity, [condemned] to insidious death, [is] he [who] breaks this.

Usage notes

In earlier classic Proto-Norse, this word would have been spelled *ᚦᚨᛏ (*þat). However, by the time of the Stentoften Runestone, the ᚨ-rune (a) had shifted from representing a generic /a/ to specifically a nasal /ã/ (this use persists into the Younger Futhark reflex ᚬ, transcribed ą or o), and the oral /a/ was instead represented by the ᚼ-rune (A).

Descendants

• Old Norse: þat
  • Icelandic: það
  • Faroese: tað, hað
  • Norn: da
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: det
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: det, dat
  • Jamtish: deð, heð
  • Old Swedish: þæt, þet, thæt, thet, thz
    • Swedish: det, (obsolete) thet, dhet
  • Old Danish: thet
    • Danish: det