मित्र
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Hindi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
मित्र • (mitra) m (feminine मित्रा, Urdu spelling متر)
- male friend
- मैंने एक मित्र से अपना सामान मँगवाया।
- ma͠ine ek mitra se apnā sāmān maṅgvāyā.
- I got a friend to bring my luggage.
- मेरे मित्र ने मुझे ठगा है।
- mere mitra ne mujhe ṭhagā hai.
- My friend has duped me.
- ally
- दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध में, इंग्लैंड अमरीका का पक्का मित्र था।
- dūsre viśvayuddh mẽ, iṅglaiṇḍ amrīkā kā pakkā mitra thā.
- During the Second World War, England was America's staunch ally.
Declension[edit]
Declension of मित्र (masc cons-stem)
Synonyms[edit]
- (friend): दोस्त (dost)
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “मित्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).
Noun[edit]
मित्र • (mitra) ?
Nepali[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मित्र (mitra).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
मित्र • (mitra)
Derived terms[edit]
- मित्रता [mitratā]
See also[edit]
- साथी [sāthī]
Sanskrit[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Alternative scripts
- মিত্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- মিত্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰰𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- မိတြ (Burmese script)
- મિત્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਮਿਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂱𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಮಿತ್ರ (Kannada script)
- មិត្រ (Khmer script)
- ມິຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- മിത്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡳᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘱𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠢᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧒𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐶𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ମିତ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢪꢶꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆴𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖰𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- මිත්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩑𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚮𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- மித்ர (Tamil script)
- మిత్ర (Telugu script)
- มิตฺร (Thai script)
- མི་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒱𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨁𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /miθra/).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n
Declension[edit]
Masculine a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मित्रः mitráḥ |
मित्रौ / मित्रा¹ mitraú / mitrā́¹ |
मित्राः / मित्रासः¹ mitrā́ḥ / mitrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | मित्र mítra |
मित्रौ / मित्रा¹ mítrau / mítrā¹ |
मित्राः / मित्रासः¹ mítrāḥ / mítrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | मित्रम् mitrám |
मित्रौ / मित्रा¹ mitraú / mitrā́¹ |
मित्रान् mitrā́n |
Instrumental | मित्रेण mitréṇa |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | मित्राय mitrā́ya |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | मित्रात् mitrā́t |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | मित्रस्य mitrásya |
मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ |
मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām |
Locative | मित्रे mitré |
मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ |
मित्रेषु mitréṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मित्रम् mitrám |
मित्रे mitré |
मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
Vocative | मित्र mítra |
मित्रे mítre |
मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mítrāṇi / mítrā¹ |
Accusative | मित्रम् mitrám |
मित्रे mitré |
मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
Instrumental | मित्रेण mitréṇa |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | मित्राय mitrā́ya |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | मित्रात् mitrā́t |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | मित्रस्य mitrásya |
मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ |
मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām |
Locative | मित्रे mitré |
मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ |
मित्रेषु mitréṣu |
Notes |
|
Proper noun[edit]
मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n
- Mitra, one of the twelve Adityas
- name of a मरुत् (marut)
- name of a son of वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) and various other men
- name of the third मुहूर्त (muhūrta)
- (in the dual) = मित्रवरुण (mitrávaruṇa)
Noun[edit]
मित्र • (mitrá) stem, n
- friendship
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.3:
- की॒दृङ्ङिन्द्र॑: सरमे॒ का दृ॑शी॒का यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रः परा॒कात्।
आ च॒ गच्छा॑न्मि॒त्रम्एना दधा॒माथा॒ गवां॒ गोप॑तिर्नो भवाति॥- kīdṛ́ṅṅíndra: sarame kā́ dṛśīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraḥ parākā́t.
ā́ ca gácchānmitráménā́ dádhāmā́thā gávāṃ gópatirno bhavāti. - What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest?
Let him approach, and we will show him friendship: he shall be made the herdsman of our cattle.
- kīdṛ́ṅṅíndra: sarame kā́ dṛśīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraḥ parākā́t.
- की॒दृङ्ङिन्द्र॑: सरमे॒ का दृ॑शी॒का यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रः परा॒कात्।
- a friend, companion
- (with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship
- an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)
- a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)
- (at the end of a compound) resembling, like
- name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)
- a particular mode of fighting
Declension[edit]
Neuter a-stem declension of मित्र (mitrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | मित्रम् mitrám |
मित्रे mitré |
मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
Vocative | मित्र mítra |
मित्रे mítre |
मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mítrāṇi / mítrā¹ |
Accusative | मित्रम् mitrám |
मित्रे mitré |
मित्राणि / मित्रा¹ mitrā́ṇi / mitrā́¹ |
Instrumental | मित्रेण mitréṇa |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रैः / मित्रेभिः¹ mitraíḥ / mitrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | मित्राय mitrā́ya |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | मित्रात् mitrā́t |
मित्राभ्याम् mitrā́bhyām |
मित्रेभ्यः mitrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | मित्रस्य mitrásya |
मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ |
मित्राणाम् mitrā́ṇām |
Locative | मित्रे mitré |
मित्रयोः mitráyoḥ |
मित्रेषु mitréṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms[edit]
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: میترین (mētrēn)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: मित्यानि (mityāni)
- Khasa Prakrit:
Descendants[edit]
- Dardic:
- Pali: mitta
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mitta)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Southern:
- Western:
- → Old Javanese: mitra
- → Malayalam: മിത്രൻ (mitraṉ), മിത്രം (mitraṁ)
References[edit]
- Monier Williams (1899) “मित्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 816/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 354-355
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mitra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 582
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