رمضان

Arabic

Root
ر م ض (r-m-ḍ)

Etymology

The month was a summer month in pre-Islamic times before the Quranic prohibition against leap months (Quran 9:37). Hence without doubt from the root ر م ض (r-m-ḍ), and related to رَمَض (ramaḍ, “parchedness, scorchedness”) and رَمْضَاء (ramḍāʔ, “sun-baked ground”). Compare also اِرْتَمَضَ (irtamaḍa, “to be consumed by grief and sorrow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ra.ma.dˤaːn/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /ram.dˤaːn/, /rum.dˤaːn/
• Rhymes: -aːn

Proper noun

رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m

1. Ramadan
2. a male given name

Declension

Declension of proper noun رَمَضَان (ramaḍān)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	رَمَضَان ramaḍān	—
Nominative	—	رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu	—
Accusative	—	رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna	—
Genitive	—	رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna	—

Noun

رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m (plural رَمَضَانَات (ramaḍānāt) or أَرْمِضَة (ʔarmiḍa) or أَرْمِضَاء (ʔarmiḍāʔ) or رَمَاضِين (ramāḍīn))

1. Ramadan

Declension

Declension of noun رَمَضَان (ramaḍān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَمَضَان ramaḍān	الرَّمَضَان ar-ramaḍān	رَمَضَان ramaḍān
Nominative	رَمَضَانٌ ramaḍānun	الرَّمَضَانُ ar-ramaḍānu	رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu
Accusative	رَمَضَانًا ramaḍānan	الرَّمَضَانَ ar-ramaḍāna	رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna
Genitive	رَمَضَانٍ ramaḍānin	الرَّمَضَانِ ar-ramaḍāni	رَمَضَانِ ramaḍāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَمَضَانَيْن ramaḍānayn	الرَّمَضَانَيْن ar-ramaḍānayn	رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay
Nominative	رَمَضَانَانِ ramaḍānāni	الرَّمَضَانَانِ ar-ramaḍānāni	رَمَضَانَا ramaḍānā
Accusative	رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni	الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni	رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay
Genitive	رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni	الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni	رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَمَضَانَات‎; أَرْمِضَة‎; أَرْمِضَاء‎; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt‎; ʔarmiḍa‎; ʔarmiḍāʔ‎; ramāḍīn	الرَّمَضَانَات‎; الْأَرْمِضَة‎; الْأَرْمِضَاء‎; الرَّمَاضِين ar-ramaḍānāt‎; al-ʔarmiḍa‎; al-ʔarmiḍāʔ‎; ar-ramāḍīn	رَمَضَانَات‎; أَرْمِضَة‎; أَرْمِضَاء‎; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt‎; ʔarmiḍat‎; ʔarmiḍāʔ‎; ramāḍīn
Nominative	رَمَضَانَاتٌ‎; أَرْمِضَةٌ‎; أَرْمِضَاءُ‎; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātun‎; ʔarmiḍatun‎; ʔarmiḍāʔu‎; ramāḍīnu	الرَّمَضَانَاتُ‎; الْأَرْمِضَةُ‎; الْأَرْمِضَاءُ‎; الرَّمَاضِينُ ar-ramaḍānātu‎; al-ʔarmiḍatu‎; al-ʔarmiḍāʔu‎; ar-ramāḍīnu	رَمَضَانَاتُ‎; أَرْمِضَةُ‎; أَرْمِضَاءُ‎; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātu‎; ʔarmiḍatu‎; ʔarmiḍāʔu‎; ramāḍīnu
Accusative	رَمَضَانَاتٍ‎; أَرْمِضَةً‎; أَرْمِضَاءَ‎; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin‎; ʔarmiḍatan‎; ʔarmiḍāʔa‎; ramāḍīna	الرَّمَضَانَاتِ‎; الْأَرْمِضَةَ‎; الْأَرْمِضَاءَ‎; الرَّمَاضِينَ ar-ramaḍānāti‎; al-ʔarmiḍata‎; al-ʔarmiḍāʔa‎; ar-ramāḍīna	رَمَضَانَاتِ‎; أَرْمِضَةَ‎; أَرْمِضَاءَ‎; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānāti‎; ʔarmiḍata‎; ʔarmiḍāʔa‎; ramāḍīna
Genitive	رَمَضَانَاتٍ‎; أَرْمِضَةٍ‎; أَرْمِضَاءَ‎; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin‎; ʔarmiḍatin‎; ʔarmiḍāʔa‎; ramāḍīna	الرَّمَضَانَاتِ‎; الْأَرْمِضَةِ‎; الْأَرْمِضَاءِ‎; الرَّمَاضِينِ ar-ramaḍānāti‎; al-ʔarmiḍati‎; al-ʔarmiḍāʔi‎; ar-ramāḍīni	رَمَضَانَاتِ‎; أَرْمِضَةِ‎; أَرْمِضَاءِ‎; رَمَاضِينِ ramaḍānāti‎; ʔarmiḍati‎; ʔarmiḍāʔi‎; ramāḍīni

Coordinate terms

Hijri calendar months in Arabic · الْأَشْهُر فِي التَّقْوِيمِ الْهِجْرِيّ (al-ʔašhur fī at-taqwīmi al-hijriyy) (layout · text)

Muharram	Safar	Rabi I	Rabi II
اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram)	صَفَر (ṣafar)	رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʕ al-ʔawwal)	رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʕ al-ʔāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʕ aṯ-ṯānī)
Jumada I	Jumada II	Rajab	Sha'ban
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʔūlā)	جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʔāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī)	رَجَب (rajab)	شَعْبَان (šaʕbān)
Ramadan	Shawwal	Dhu'l-Qa'da	Dhu'l-Hijja
رَمَضَان (ramaḍān)	شَوَّال (šawwāl)	ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʕda)	ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja)

• أَيْلُول (ʔaylūl)
• سِبْتِمْبِر (sibtimbir), سِبْتَمْبِر (sibtambir), سَبْتَمْبَر (sabtambar)
• تَقْوِيم هِجْرِيّ (taqwīm hijriyy)

Derived terms

• رَمَضَانِيّ (ramaḍāniyy)

Descendants

• Maltese: Randan (“Lent”)
• → Catalan: ramadà
• → Classical Persian: رَمَضَان (ramazān), رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (see there for further descendants)
• → English: Ramadan
• → French: ramadan
• → Japanese: ラマダーン (Ramadān)
• → Maguindanao: Ramedlan, Ramadlan
• → Malay: Ramadan, Ramadhan
• → Malayalam: റമദാൻ (ṟamadāṉ), റമലാൻ (ṟamalāṉ)
• → Maltese: Ramadan (“Ramadan”)
• → Maranao: Ramadan⁧
• → Ottoman Turkish: رَمَضَان (ramazân)⁧⁩ (see there for further descendants)
• → Tamil: ரமலான் (ramalāṉ, “Ramadan”), ரமதான் (ramatāṉ)
• → Uyghur: رامىزان (ramizan)
• → Uzbek: ramazan

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ramadan/

Proper noun

رمضان (Rumi spelling Ramadan)

1. The ninth month in the Hijri calendar; fasting month.

   Synonyms: بولن ڤواسا (bulan puasa), راملن (ramalan)

Coordinate terms

• (Islamic calendar months) Islamic calendar month; Muharam, Safar, Rabiulawal, Rabiulakhir, Jamadilawal, Jamadilakhir, Rejab, Syaaban, Ramadan, Syawal, Zulkaedah, Zulhijah ^{(Category: ms:Islamic months)}

Derived terms

• رمضان المبارک

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Noun

رمضان • (ramazân)

1. (Islam) Ramadan

Descendants

• Turkish: Ramazan
• → Bulgarian: рамаза́н (ramazán)
• → Macedonian: рамазан (ramazan)
• → Serbo-Croatian: ramàzān

Persian

Alternative forms

• رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial)

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾa.ma.ˈzɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rä.mä.zɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rä.mä.zɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæ.mæ.zɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾä.mä.zɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	ramazān
Dari reading?	ramazān
Iranian reading?	ramazân
Tajik reading?	ramazon

Noun

Dari	رمضان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	рамазон

رمضان • (ramazân, ramzân)

1. (Islam) Ramadan

Coordinate terms

• (Islamic calendar months) تقویم هجری قمری; محرم, صفر, ربیع‌الاول, ربیع‌الثانی, جمادی‌الاول, جمادی‌الثانی, رجب, شعبان, رمضان, شوال, ذی‌القعده, ذی‌الحجه ^{(Category: fa:Islamic months)}

Proper noun

رمضان • (ramzân)

1. a male given name, Ramazan

Descendants

• → Assamese: ৰমজান (romzan)
• → Bengali: রমজান (romjan)
• → Gujarati: રમજાન (ramjān)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: रमज़ान (ramzān), रमजान (ramjān)
  • Urdu: رَمْضَان (ramzān), رَمَضَان (ramazān) (see there for further descendants)
• → Marathi: रमजान (ramjān)
• → Odia: ରମଜାନ (rômôjanô)
• → Punjabi:
  • Gurmukhi script: ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ (ramzān)
  • Shahmukhi script: رَمضان (ramẓān)
• → Sylheti: ꠞꠝꠎꠣꠘ (romzan)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਰਮਦਾਨਾ (ramadānā).

Noun

رَمضان • (ramẓān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ)

1. (Islam) Ramadan

   Synonym: رمدان (ramdān)

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾəm.zɑːnʊ/
• Rhymes: -ʊ

Noun

رَمْضانُ • (ramzānu) m (Devanagari रमज़ानु)

1. (Islam) Ramadan

References

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “رَمْضانُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazān, ramzān), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾə.mə.zɑːn/
• (common) IPA^(key): /ɾəm.zɑːn/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• (Standard Urdu) Hyphenation: رَم‧ضان
• (common) Hyphenation: رَ‧مَ‧ضان

Proper noun

رَمَضان • (ramazān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)

1. (Islam) Ramadan
2. a male given name, Ramzan or Ramazan, from Arabic

See also

Hijri calendar months in Urdu · ہِجْری تَقْوِیم (hijrī taqvīm) (layout · text)

Muharram	Safar	Rabi I	Rabi II
مُحَرَّم (muharram)	صَفَر (safar)	رَبِیعُ الْاَوَّل (rabī'-ul-avval)	رَبِیعُ الثّانی (rabī'ussānī)
Jumada I	Jumada II	Rajab	Sha'ban
جَمادی الْاَوَّل (jamādī-ul-avval)	جمادی الثّانی (jamādīussānī)	رَجَب (rajab)	شَعْبان (śa'bān)
Ramadan	Shawwal	Dhu'l-Qa'da	Dhu'l-Hijja
رَمَضان (ramazān)	شَوال (śavāl)	ذُو الْقَعْدَہ (zūl-qa'da)	ذُو الْحِجَّہ (zūl-hijja)

Descendants

• → Kannada: ರಮ್ಜಾನ್ (ramjān), ರಂಜಾನ್ (rañjān)
• → Malayalam: റംസാൻ (ṟaṁsāṉ)
• → Tamil: ரம்சான் (ramcāṉ), ரம்ஜான் (ramjāṉ)
• → Telugu: రమ్జాన్ (ramjān), రంజాన్ (rañjān)

Further reading

• “رمضان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “رمضان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “رمضان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “رمضان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.