دشوار

Persian

Alternative forms

• دشخوار (došxvâr), دژوار (dožvâr)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšw'l /⁠dušwār⁠/), from Old Persian [Term?]. By surface analysis, دش (duš-, “bad”) +‎ خوار (xvâr, “easy; mean, abject”), denoting the opposite of easy; see Proto-Iranian *duš- (“bad”) for more on the prefix. Compare Old Armenian դժուար (džuar), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [duʃ.ˈwɑːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊʃ.wɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊʃ.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ʊʃ.wɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪uʃ.wɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪oʃ.vɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪uʃ.vɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	dušwār
Dari reading?	dušwār
Iranian reading?	došvâr
Tajik reading?	dušvor

Adjective

دشوار • (došvâr) (comparative دشوارتَر (došvâr-tar), superlative دشوارتَرین (došvâr-tarin))

1. difficult, hard

   Synonym: سخت (saxt)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: düşvar