جنگ

See also: جنګ, خنک, چنگ, خنگ, حنك, جنک, and جنك

Baluchi

Etymology 1

Noun

جنگ • (jang)

1. war

Etymology 2

from Proto-Iranian *ǰántī, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰánti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti (“to slay, strike”). Cognate with Persian زدن (zadan).

Verb

جنگ • (janag)

1. to hit

Brahui

Etymology

Borrowed from Baluchi جنگ.

Noun

جَنْگ⁩ (transliteration needed)

1. war

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yng), 𐫋𐫗𐫗𐫃 (jnng /⁠ǰang⁠/, “struggle, fight”)).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒanɡ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋɡ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋɡ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋɡ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋɡ̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæɲɡʲ̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäŋɡ]

Readings
Classical reading?	jang
Dari reading?	jang
Iranian reading?	jang
Tajik reading?	jang

Noun

Dari	جنگ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷанг

جَنْگ • (jang) (plural جنگ‌ها (jang-hâ))

1. war

   جَنْگِ داخِلی ― jang-e dâxeli ― civil war

2. fight
3. (usually informal) dispute, argument

Derived terms

• جنگی (jangi)
• جنگاور (jangâvar)
• جنگجو (jangju)
• جنگیدن (jangidan)
• جنگ کردن (jang kardan)

Descendants

• → Bengali: জঙ্গ (joṅgo)
• → Crimean Tatar: cenk
• → Hindustani
  • Hindi: जंग (jaṅg)
  • Urdu: جَن٘گ (jaṅg)
    • → Phalura: جنگ (ǰang)
• → Gujarati: જંગ (jaṅg)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جنك
  • Turkish: cenk (“war”)
  • → Laz: ჯენგი (cengi)
• → Northern Kurdish: ceng
• → Punjabi:

  Shahmukhi script: جنگ (jaṅg)

  Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਗ (jaṅg)

• > Tajik: ҷанг (jang) (inherited)
  • → Yagnobi: ҷанг (jang)
• → Turkmen: jeň

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “ǰang”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 46

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hindi जंग (jaṅg) or Malay jong.

Noun

جنگ • (jong)

1. junk (type of ship)
2. (figuratively) anthology

Etymology 3

Cognate Mazanderani جونیکا (junikâ, “bullock”).

Noun

جنگ • (jong)

1. young camel

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian جنگ (jang), from Middle Persian 𐫋𐫗𐫗𐫃 (yng /⁠ǰang⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəŋɡᵊ/, [d͡ʒɐ˨ŋɡə̆]

Noun

جنگ • (jaṅg) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਜੰਗ)

1. war

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جنگ (jang).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəŋɡ/

Noun

جَن٘گ • (jaṅg) f (Hindi spelling जंग)

1. war
2. battle
3. fight

Synonyms

• یُدھ (yudh)

Derived terms

• جَن٘گی (jaṅgī, “warlike, martial”)
• جَن٘گْجُو (jaṅgjū, “warrior, fighter”)
• جَن٘گِ آزادی (jaṅg-i āzādī, “liberation war, war for freedom”)
• جَن٘گِ عَظِیم (jaṅg-i 'azīm, “world war”)
• جَنْگ آوَر (jaṅg āvar, “fighter, warrior, brave”)
• جَن٘گ و جِدال (jaṅg o jidāl, “warfare, armed conflict”)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit युज् (yuj).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒʊŋɡ/

Noun

جُن٘گ • (juṅg) f (Hindi spelling जुंग)

1. emotion
2. impulse
3. volume (of books)