استاد

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See also: إستاد and أستاذ

Persian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /⁠awestād⁠/, master, craftsman), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /⁠avāstāyam⁠/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) +‎ *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (to cause to stand).[1]

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? ustāḏ
Dari reading? ustād
Iranian reading? ostâd
Tajik reading? ustod
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Adjective

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اُسْتَاد (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))

  1. skilled, expert

Noun

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Dari استاد
Iranian Persian
Tajik устод

اُسْتَاد (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))

  1. master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
    1. ustad
  2. (archaic) tutor
  3. a senior craftsman
  4. expert
  5. professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 358-61

Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian استاد (ustād, master), from Middle Persian ʾwstʾt' (awestād, master, craftsman), from Old Persian.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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استاد (ustādm (formal plural اساتذہ, Hindi spelling उस्ताद)

  1. professor
  2. teacher, tutor
  3. expert, master

Descendants

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