меча

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Of onomatopoeic origin, formally reflecting an earlier *mečiti (i-conjugation), *mekati (a/j-conjugation).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmɛt͡ʃɐ]

Verb

ме́ча • (méča) first-singular present indicative, impf (dialectal)

1. (intransitive) to utter soft, serene sounds
   1. (of felines) to meow
   2. (of bovids) to bleat
   3. (of people) to talk softly, gently

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ме́ча (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ме́чещ méčešt	ме́чил, мечи́л1 méčil, mečíl1	ме́чел méčel	—		ме́чейки méčejki
	definite subject form	ме́чещият méčeštijat	ме́чилият, мечи́лият1 méčilijat, mečílijat1	—	—
	definite object form	ме́чещия méčeštija	ме́чилия, мечи́лия1 méčilija, mečílija1	—	—
feminine	indefinite	ме́чеща méčešta	ме́чила, мечи́ла1 méčila, mečíla1	ме́чела méčela	—
	definite	ме́чещата méčeštata	ме́чилата, мечи́лата1 méčilata, mečílata1	—	—
neuter	indefinite	ме́чещо méčešto	ме́чило, мечи́ло1 méčilo, mečílo1	ме́чело méčelo	—	ме́чене méčene
	definite	ме́чещото méčeštoto	ме́чилото, мечи́лото1 méčiloto, mečíloto1	—	—	ме́ченето méčeneto
plural	indefinite	ме́чещи méčešti	ме́чили, мечи́ли1 méčili, mečíli1	ме́чели méčeli	—	ме́чения, ме́ченета méčenija, méčeneta
	definite	ме́чещите méčeštite	ме́чилите, мечи́лите1 méčilite, mečílite1	—	—	ме́ченията, ме́ченетата méčenijata, méčenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ме́ча méča	ме́чиш méčiš	ме́чи méči	ме́чим méčim	ме́чите méčite	ме́чат méčat
imperfect		ме́чех méčeh	ме́чеше méčeše	ме́чеше méčeše	ме́чехме méčehme	ме́чехте méčehte	ме́чеха méčeha
aorist		ме́чих, мечи́х1 méčih, mečíh1	ме́чи, мечи́1 méči, mečí1	ме́чи, мечи́1 méči, mečí1	ме́чихме, мечи́хме1 méčihme, mečíhme1	ме́чихте, мечи́хте1 méčihte, mečíhte1	ме́чиха, мечи́ха1 méčiha, mečíha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ме́чил/мечи́л1 m, ме́чила/мечи́ла1 f, ме́чило/мечи́ло1 n, or ме́чили/мечи́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			мечи́ mečí			мече́те mečéte

¹Dialectally marked.

    Conjugation of ме́ча (conjugation 1.4, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ме́чещ méčešt	ме́кал, мека́л1 mékal, mekál1	ме́чел méčel	—		ме́чейки méčejki
	definite subject form	ме́чещият méčeštijat	ме́калият, мека́лият1 mékalijat, mekálijat1	—	—
	definite object form	ме́чещия méčeštija	ме́калия, мека́лия1 mékalija, mekálija1	—	—
feminine	indefinite	ме́чеща méčešta	ме́кала, мека́ла1 mékala, mekála1	ме́чела méčela	—
	definite	ме́чещата méčeštata	ме́калата, мека́лата1 mékalata, mekálata1	—	—
neuter	indefinite	ме́чещо méčešto	ме́кало, мека́ло1 mékalo, mekálo1	ме́чело méčelo	—	ме́кане mékane
	definite	ме́чещото méčeštoto	ме́калото, мека́лото1 mékaloto, mekáloto1	—	—	ме́кането mékaneto
plural	indefinite	ме́чещи méčešti	ме́кали, мека́ли1 mékali, mekáli1	ме́чели méčeli	—	ме́кания, ме́канета mékanija, mékaneta
	definite	ме́чещите méčeštite	ме́калите, мека́лите1 mékalite, mekálite1	—	—	ме́канията, ме́канетата mékanijata, mékanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ме́ча méča	ме́чеш méčeš	ме́че méče	ме́чем méčem	ме́чете méčete	ме́чат méčat
imperfect		ме́чех méčeh	ме́чеше méčeše	ме́чеше méčeše	ме́чехме méčehme	ме́чехте méčehte	ме́чеха méčeha
aorist		ме́ках, мека́х1 mékah, mekáh1	ме́ка, мека́1 méka, meká1	ме́ка, мека́1 méka, meká1	ме́кахме, мека́хме1 mékahme, mekáhme1	ме́кахте, мека́хте1 mékahte, mekáhte1	ме́каха, мека́ха1 mékaha, mekáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ме́кал/мека́л1 m, ме́кала/мека́ла1 f, ме́кало/мека́ло1 n, or ме́кали/мека́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			мечи́ mečí			мече́те mečéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Coordinate terms

• муча́ (mučá), му́кам (múkam, “to moo”)

Related terms

• ме́кам (mékam), мя́кам (mjákam) (intensive, factitive)

References

• “меча”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ме́чѭ, -ишь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 63
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “меча”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 775

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mękti (C/j-conjugation), *mękati (a/j-conjugation).

Verb

ме́ча • (méča) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ме́кна) (dated, obsolete)

1. (transitive) to knead, to press, to apply force/thrust into something

Usage notes

Only derived terms have survived in contemporary dialects.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ме́ча (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ме́чещ méčešt	ме́чал, меча́л1 méčal, mečál1	ме́чел méčel	ме́чан méčan		ме́чейки méčejki
	definite subject form	ме́чещият méčeštijat	ме́чалият, меча́лият1 méčalijat, mečálijat1	—	ме́чаният méčanijat
	definite object form	ме́чещия méčeštija	ме́чалия, меча́лия1 méčalija, mečálija1	—	ме́чания méčanija
feminine	indefinite	ме́чеща méčešta	ме́чала, меча́ла1 méčala, mečála1	ме́чела méčela	ме́чана méčana
	definite	ме́чещата méčeštata	ме́чалата, меча́лата1 méčalata, mečálata1	—	ме́чаната méčanata
neuter	indefinite	ме́чещо méčešto	ме́чало, меча́ло1 méčalo, mečálo1	ме́чело méčelo	ме́чано méčano	ме́чене méčene
	definite	ме́чещото méčeštoto	ме́чалото, меча́лото1 méčaloto, mečáloto1	—	ме́чаното méčanoto	ме́ченето méčeneto
plural	indefinite	ме́чещи méčešti	ме́чали, меча́ли1 méčali, mečáli1	ме́чели méčeli	ме́чани méčani	ме́чения, ме́ченета méčenija, méčeneta
	definite	ме́чещите méčeštite	ме́чалите, меча́лите1 méčalite, mečálite1	—	ме́чаните méčanite	ме́ченията, ме́ченетата méčenijata, méčenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ме́ча méča	ме́чеш méčeš	ме́че méče	ме́чем méčem	ме́чете méčete	ме́чат méčat
imperfect		ме́чех méčeh	ме́чеше méčeše	ме́чеше méčeše	ме́чехме méčehme	ме́чехте méčehte	ме́чеха méčeha
aorist		ме́чах, меча́х1 méčah, mečáh1	ме́ча, меча́1 méča, mečá1	ме́ча, меча́1 méča, mečá1	ме́чахме, меча́хме1 méčahme, mečáhme1	ме́чахте, меча́хте1 méčahte, mečáhte1	ме́чаха, меча́ха1 méčaha, mečáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чел m, ме́чела f, ме́чело n, or ме́чели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ме́чал/меча́л1 m, ме́чала/меча́ла1 f, ме́чало/меча́ло1 n, or ме́чали/меча́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			мечи́ mečí			мече́те mečéte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

verbs

• (iterative) гме́ча (gméča) (dialectal)
• (semelfactive) ме́чкам (méčkam)

 

nouns

• (product noun) ме́чка (méčka, “dough ball”) (dialectal)
• (instrumental noun) мека́ло (mekálo, “kneading trough”)
• (instrumental noun) мека́ч (mekáč, “clayform, mold”)
• (abstract noun) мечина́ (mečiná)

 

Related terms

• мек (mek, “soft”)
  • ме́квам (mékvam) (semelfactive)
  • смекча́ (smekčá) (causative)
• мъ́ча (mǎ́ča, “to torment”) (o-grade causative-iterative)

References

• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1908) “ме́чкамъ”, in Допълнение на българския рѣчникъ [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[2] (in Bulgarian), volume 6, Plovdiv: Печатница "Трудъ" на Петко Бѣловѣждовъ, page 208

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mʲɪˈt͡ɕa]

Etymology 1

Noun

меча́ • (mečá) m inan

1. genitive singular of меч (meč)

Etymology 2

Participle

меча́ • (mečá)

1. present adverbial imperfective participle of мета́ть (metátʹ)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [meˈt͡ʃa]

Noun

меча́ • (mečá)

1. genitive singular of меч (meč)