драскам
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Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *draskati. By surface analysis, дра́пам (drápam, “to scrape”) + -скам (-skam).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]дра́скам • (dráskam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective дра́сна)
- (intransitive) to scribble, to scrawl
- (transitive) to score, to scratch (with claws, nails)
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of дра́скам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | дра́скащ dráskašt |
дра́скал, драска́л1 dráskal, draskál1 |
дра́скал dráskal |
— | дра́скайки dráskajki | |
| definite subject form | дра́скащият dráskaštijat |
дра́скалият, драска́лият1 dráskalijat, draskálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | дра́скащия dráskaštija |
дра́скалия, драска́лия1 dráskalija, draskálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | дра́скаща dráskašta |
дра́скала, драска́ла1 dráskala, draskála1 |
дра́скала dráskala |
— | ||
| definite | дра́скащата dráskaštata |
дра́скалата, драска́лата1 dráskalata, draskálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | дра́скащо dráskašto |
дра́скало, драска́ло1 dráskalo, draskálo1 |
дра́скало dráskalo |
— | дра́скане dráskane | |
| definite | дра́скащото dráskaštoto |
дра́скалото, драска́лото1 dráskaloto, draskáloto1 |
— | — | дра́скането dráskaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | дра́скащи dráskašti |
дра́скали, драска́ли1 dráskali, draskáli1 |
дра́скали dráskali |
— | дра́скания, дра́сканета dráskanija, dráskaneta | |
| definite | дра́скащите dráskaštite |
дра́скалите, драска́лите1 dráskalite, draskálite1 |
— | — | дра́сканията, дра́сканетата dráskanijata, dráskanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | дра́скам dráskam |
дра́скаш dráskaš |
дра́ска dráska |
дра́скаме dráskame |
дра́скате dráskate |
дра́скат dráskat | |
| imperfect | дра́сках dráskah |
дра́скаше dráskaše |
дра́скаше dráskaše |
дра́скахме dráskahme |
дра́скахте dráskahte |
дра́скаха dráskaha | |
| aorist | дра́сках, драска́х1 dráskah, draskáh1 |
дра́ска, драска́1 dráska, draská1 |
дра́ска, драска́1 dráska, draská1 |
дра́скахме, драска́хме1 dráskahme, draskáhme1 |
дра́скахте, драска́хте1 dráskahte, draskáhte1 |
дра́скаха, драска́ха1 dráskaha, draskáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дра́скал m, дра́скала f, дра́скало n, or дра́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал m, дра́скала f, дра́скало n, or дра́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́скал m, дра́скала f, дра́скало n, or дра́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| дра́скай dráskaj |
дра́скайте dráskajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Conjugation of дра́скам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | дра́скащ dráskašt |
дра́скал, драска́л1 dráskal, draskál1 |
дра́скал dráskal |
дра́скан dráskan |
дра́скайки dráskajki | |
| definite subject form | дра́скащият dráskaštijat |
дра́скалият, драска́лият1 dráskalijat, draskálijat1 |
— | дра́сканият dráskanijat | |||
| definite object form | дра́скащия dráskaštija |
дра́скалия, драска́лия1 dráskalija, draskálija1 |
— | дра́скания dráskanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | дра́скаща dráskašta |
дра́скала, драска́ла1 dráskala, draskála1 |
дра́скала dráskala |
дра́скана dráskana | ||
| definite | дра́скащата dráskaštata |
дра́скалата, драска́лата1 dráskalata, draskálata1 |
— | дра́сканата dráskanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | дра́скащо dráskašto |
дра́скало, драска́ло1 dráskalo, draskálo1 |
дра́скало dráskalo |
дра́скано dráskano |
дра́скане dráskane | |
| definite | дра́скащото dráskaštoto |
дра́скалото, драска́лото1 dráskaloto, draskáloto1 |
— | дра́сканото dráskanoto |
дра́скането dráskaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | дра́скащи dráskašti |
дра́скали, драска́ли1 dráskali, draskáli1 |
дра́скали dráskali |
дра́скани dráskani |
дра́скания, дра́сканета dráskanija, dráskaneta | |
| definite | дра́скащите dráskaštite |
дра́скалите, драска́лите1 dráskalite, draskálite1 |
— | дра́сканите dráskanite |
дра́сканията, дра́сканетата dráskanijata, dráskanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | дра́скам dráskam |
дра́скаш dráskaš |
дра́ска dráska |
дра́скаме dráskame |
дра́скате dráskate |
дра́скат dráskat | |
| imperfect | дра́сках dráskah |
дра́скаше dráskaše |
дра́скаше dráskaše |
дра́скахме dráskahme |
дра́скахте dráskahte |
дра́скаха dráskaha | |
| aorist | дра́сках, драска́х1 dráskah, draskáh1 |
дра́ска, драска́1 dráska, draská1 |
дра́ска, драска́1 dráska, draská1 |
дра́скахме, драска́хме1 dráskahme, draskáhme1 |
дра́скахте, драска́хте1 dráskahte, draskáhte1 |
дра́скаха, драска́ха1 dráskaha, draskáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дра́скал m, дра́скала f, дра́скало n, or дра́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал m, дра́скала f, дра́скало n, or дра́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́скал m, дра́скала f, дра́скало n, or дра́скали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and дра́скал/драска́л1 m, дра́скала/драска́ла1 f, дра́скало/драска́ло1 n, or дра́скали/драска́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| дра́скай dráskaj |
дра́скайте dráskajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
[edit]- дра́свам (drásvam) (semelfactive)
- дра́щя (dráštja) (causative-iterative)
- задраскам pf (zadraskam), задрасквам impf (zadraskvam, “to scratch off”)
- издраскам pf (izdraskam), издрасквам impf (izdraskvam)
- надраскам pf (nadraskam), надрасквам impf (nadraskvam)
- одраскам pf (odraskam), одрасквам impf (odraskvam)
- раздраскам pf (razdraskam), раздрасквам impf (razdraskvam)
- драскоти́на (draskotína, “scar”)
- драска́ч (draskáč), драска́р (draskár) (agent nouns)
References
[edit]Categories:
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms suffixed with -скам
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio links
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian intransitive verbs
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian conjugation 3 verbs