κίνδυνος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The connection with κίνδαξ (kíndax, “quick, nimble”), ὀνοκίνδιος (onokíndios, “donkey-driver”) is formally attractive. For the semantics, Prellwitz and Vendryes compare Latin sollicitus (“agitated, disturbed”), which is from sollus (“whole, entire”) + cieō (“move, stir, shake”). Attempts at an Indo-European etymology should be given up. The Pre-Greek character is clear in view of the ending -ῡν-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kín.dyː.nos/ → /ˈcin.dy.nos/ → /ˈcin.di.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kín.dyː.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkin.dy.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcin.dy.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcin.dy.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈcin.di.nos/

Noun

κῐ́νδῡνος • (kíndūnos) m (genitive κῐνδῡ́νου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Doric, Koine)

1. danger, risk, hazard
2. trial, venture
3. battle

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κῐ́νδῡνος; τοῦ κῐνδῡ́νου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κῐ́νδῡνος ho kíndūnos	τὼ κῐνδῡ́νω tṑ kindū́nō	οἱ κῐ́νδῡνοι hoi kíndūnoi
Genitive	τοῦ κῐνδῡ́νου toû kindū́nou	τοῖν κῐνδῡ́νοιν toîn kindū́noin	τῶν κῐνδῡ́νων tôn kindū́nōn
Dative	τῷ κῐνδῡ́νῳ / κῐ́νδῡνῐ tôi kindū́nōi / kíndūni	τοῖν κῐνδῡ́νοιν toîn kindū́noin	τοῖς κῐνδῡ́νοις toîs kindū́nois
Accusative	τὸν κῐ́νδῡνον tòn kíndūnon	τὼ κῐνδῡ́νω tṑ kindū́nō	τοὺς κῐνδῡ́νους toùs kindū́nous
Vocative	κῐ́νδῡνε kíndūne	κῐνδῡ́νω kindū́nō	κῐ́νδῡνοι kíndūnoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀκῐ́νδῡνος (akíndūnos)
• ἐπῐκῐ́νδῡνος (epikíndūnos)
• κῐνδῡ́νευμᾰ (kindū́neuma)
• κῐνδῡνευτής (kindūneutḗs)
• κῐνδῡνευτῐκός (kindūneutikós)
• κῐνδῡνεύω (kindūneúō)
• κῐνδῡνώδης (kindūnṓdēs)
• ῥῑψοκῐ́νδῡνος (rhīpsokíndūnos)
• ὑποκῐ́νδῡνος (hupokíndūnos)
• φῐλοκῐ́νδῡνος (philokíndūnos)

 

Further reading

• “κίνδυνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κίνδυνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κίνδυνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “κίνδυνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2794 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • adventure idem, page 14.
  • danger idem, page 194.
  • hazard idem, page 389.
  • insecurity idem, page 444.
  • jeopardy idem, page 462.
  • peril idem, page 607.
  • risk idem, page 717.
  • tension idem, page 862.
  • venture idem, page 947.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Greek

Etymology

Ancient Greek κῐ́νδῡνος (kíndūnos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈcinðinos/
• Hyphenation: κίν‧δυ‧νος

Noun

κίνδυνος • (kíndynos) m (plural κίνδυνοι)

1. danger

Declension

Declension of κίνδυνος

	singular	plural
nominative	κίνδυνος •	κίνδυνοι •
genitive	κινδύνου •	κινδύνων •
accusative	κίνδυνο •	κινδύνους •
vocative	κίνδυνε •	κίνδυνοι •

Derived terms

• ακίνδυνος (akíndynos, “harmless”)
• επικίνδυνος (epikíndynos, “dangerous, risky, unsafe”)
• επικινδυνότητα f (epikindynótita)
• ριψοκίνδυνος (ripsokíndynos, “dangerous, hazardous, risky”)

Expressions

• δημόσιος κίνδυνος (dimósios kíndynos)
• έξοδος κινδύνου f (éxodos kindýnou, “emergency exit”)
• κώδωνας κινδύνου (kódonas kindýnou)

Related terms

• κινδυνεύω (kindynévo, “to be in danger”) and derivatives
• κινδυνολογώ (kindynologó)

Further reading

• κίνδυνος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el