αἴθαλος

See also: αἰθαλός and Αἴθαλος

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 12 March 2017

Alternative forms

• αἰθᾰλός (aithalós)

Etymology

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀲𐀫 (ai-ta-ro), from Proto-Hellenic *áitʰalos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“fire”). Compare Albanian jezull (“cloud of dust or smoke; ashes”) and Proto-Germanic *ailą (“fire”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.tʰa.los/ → /ˈɛ.θa.los/ → /ˈe.θa.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.tʰa.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.tʰa.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.θa.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.θa.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.θa.los/

Noun

αἴθᾰλος • (aíthalos) m (genitive αἰθᾰ́λου); second declension

1. smoky flame and thick black smoke rising up from the sacked, scorched Troy
   • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 911
   • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Lycophron, Alexandra 55
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On the Diseases of Women 1.91
   1. soot
      • Semus 24
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Cimon 1.4
      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 17.1
   2. a cinder, an ember, a scintilla
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 12.219
2. a kind of black grape grown in Egypt
   • 23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 14.74–75

Declension

Second declension of ὁ αἴθᾰλος; τοῦ αἰθᾰ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ αἴθᾰλος ho aíthalos	τὼ αἰθᾰ́λω tṑ aithálō	οἱ αἴθᾰλοι hoi aíthaloi
Genitive	τοῦ αἰθᾰ́λου toû aithálou	τοῖν αἰθᾰ́λοιν toîn aitháloin	τῶν αἰθᾰ́λων tôn aithálōn
Dative	τῷ αἰθᾰ́λῳ tôi aithálōi	τοῖν αἰθᾰ́λοιν toîn aitháloin	τοῖς αἰθᾰ́λοις toîs aithálois
Accusative	τὸν αἴθᾰλον tòn aíthalon	τὼ αἰθᾰ́λω tṑ aithálō	τοὺς αἰθᾰ́λους toùs aithálous
Vocative	αἴθᾰλε aíthale	αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō	αἴθᾰλοι aíthaloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Latin: aethalus

Adjective

αἴθᾰλος • (aíthalos) m or f (neuter αἴθᾰλον); second declension

1. burnt-coloured, dark brown, dusky, pitchy, blackish, dark
   • 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Theriaca 659

Declension

Second declension of αἴθᾰλος; αἴθᾰλον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		αἴθᾰλος aíthalos	αἴθᾰλον aíthalon		αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō	αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō		αἴθᾰλοι aíthaloi	αἴθᾰλᾰ aíthala
Genitive		αἰθᾰ́λου aithálou	αἰθᾰ́λου aithálou		αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin	αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin		αἰθᾰ́λων aithálōn	αἰθᾰ́λων aithálōn
Dative		αἰθᾰ́λῳ aithálōi	αἰθᾰ́λῳ aithálōi		αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin	αἰθᾰ́λοιν aitháloin		αἰθᾰ́λοις aithálois	αἰθᾰ́λοις aithálois
Accusative		αἴθᾰλον aíthalon	αἴθᾰλον aíthalon		αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō	αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō		αἰθᾰ́λους aithálous	αἴθᾰλᾰ aíthala
Vocative		αἴθᾰλε aíthale	αἴθᾰλον aíthalon		αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō	αἰθᾰ́λω aithálō		αἴθᾰλοι aíthaloi	αἴθᾰλᾰ aíthala
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		αἰθᾰ́λως aithálōs			αἰθᾰλώτερος aithalṓteros			αἰθᾰλώτᾰτος aithalṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (burnt-coloured, dark brown): αἰθαλόεις (aithalóeis)

Descendants

• Translingual: Aethalium

Related terms

• αἰθήρ (aithḗr)
• αἶθος (aîthos)
• αἴθω (aíthō)

References

• “αἴθαλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• αἴθᾰλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)