wꜥꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (passive participle): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaʕʀVw/ → /ˈwaʕə/ → /waʕ/

• (passive participle): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaʕʀVw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (passive participle): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaʕə/
• (passive participle): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /waʕ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɑːʔɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: waa

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to speak evil, to curse or blaspheme (+ ḥr: about, against) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
2. (transitive) to revile (someone or something) [since the New Kingdom]

Usage notes

Possibly the same word as wꜣ (“to brood, to conspire”).

Inflection

Conjugation of wꜥꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜥꜣ, geminated stem: wꜥꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural wꜥꜣ wꜥꜣw, wꜥꜣ wꜥꜣt wꜥꜣ wꜥꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 wꜥꜣ ḥr wꜥꜣ m wꜥꜣ r wꜥꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect wꜥꜣ.n wꜥꜣw, wꜥꜣ consecutive wꜥꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative wꜥꜣt perfective3 wꜥꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 wꜥꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective wꜥꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 wꜥꜣ wꜥꜣꜣ potentialis1 wꜥꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive wꜥꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect wꜥꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective wꜥꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 wꜥꜣ wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣw5, wꜥꜣy5 imperfective wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣy, wꜥꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣj6, wꜥꜣy6 wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣw5 prospective wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣtj7 — wꜥꜣtj4, wꜥꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥꜣ  

wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣ
[Late Egyptian]	[Late Egyptian]	[Late Period]

Descendants

• Demotic: wꜥy
  • (From the passive participle:)
  • ⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
  • ⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
  • ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 244.10–244.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 57
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 458.