tetszik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the obsolete verb tetik (“to seem, to appear”) + -szik.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tetszik
- (intransitive) to appeal, to be liked
- (auxiliary with a verb in the infinitive) Used to indicate politeness towards the elderly or sometimes towards customers.
- Synonym: szíveskedik
- Tessék velem jönni. ― Come with me, if you please. (literally, “May it appeal [to you] to come with me.”)
- Hogy tetszett mondani? ― I beg your pardon? (literally, “How [in what form] did it appeal [to you] to say [that]?”)
- 1991, József Antall[1] (bon mot)
- Tetszettek volna forradalmat csinálni.
- You should have made a revolution!
- (I.e., that would have been the only way to attain a thorough lustration during the 1989 regime change. The past conditional indicates a reproachful retort to criticism that this transition happened too leniently.)
- You should have made a revolution!
- Tetszettek volna forradalmat csinálni.
- (intransitive, archaic) to seem, to appear (-nak/-nek)
Usage notes
[edit]- The subject of this verb is the person or thing that is liked. The agent takes the dative case (-nak/-nek).
- Péternek tetszik Mari. ― Péter likes Mari. (literally, “To Peter appeals Mari.”)
- Tetszik nekem ez a cipő. ― I like this shoe. (literally, “Appeals to me this shoe.”)
- Tetszenek nekem ezek a cipők. ― I like these shoes.
- If the agent is missing, the logical agent is implied.
- Tetszik ez a cipő. (+ “nekem”) ― I like this shoe.
- Tetszik ez a cipő? (+ “neked”) ― Do you like this shoe?
- If the subject is missing, ez (“this, it”) or az (“that, it”) is implied.
- Ahogy tetszik (+ “az”, “neked”) ― As You Like It (the play by Shakespeare)
- Tetszik? (+ “ez”, “neked”) ― Do you like it?
- Tetszik. (+ “ez”, “nekem”) ― I like it.
The subject of certain verbs is not someone who acts but a stimulus that prompts sensory or emotional feelings, like when things interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone. In these cases, the experiencer can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).
If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, third-person objects (him, her, it, or them) are considered definite, while first- and second-person objects (me, us, and you), indefinite. For example, the verb érdekel can take the definite form érdekli őt (“he/she is interested”, literally “it interests him/her”) or the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket (“I am, you are, we are interested”, literally “it interests me, you, us”). The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). — Similar verbs include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be intrigued by”).[2]
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tetszek or tetszem |
tetszel | tetszik | tetszünk | tetszetek | tetszenek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | tetszettem | tetszettél | tetszett | tetszettünk | tetszettetek | tetszettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tetszeni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | tetszék or tetszém |
tetszél | tetsze or tetszék |
tetszénk | tetszétek | tetszének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tetszik vala, tetszett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tetszendek (or tetszendem) |
tetszendesz | tetszend (or tetszendik*) |
tetszendünk | tetszendetek | tetszendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tetszenék (or tetszeném) |
tetszenél | tetszene (or tetszenék*) |
tetszenénk | tetszenétek | tetszenének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tetszett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | tetsszek or tessek or tetsszem or tessem |
tetssz or tess or tetsszél or tessél |
tetsszen or tessen or tetsszék or tessék |
tetsszünk or tessünk |
tetsszetek or tessetek |
tetsszenek or tessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tetszett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | tetszeni | tetszenem | tetszened | tetszenie | tetszenünk | tetszenetek | tetszeniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
tetszés | tetsző | tetszett | ― | tetszve (tetszvén) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tetszhetek (or tetszhetem) |
tetszhetsz (or tetszhetel) |
tetszhet (or tetszhetik) |
tetszhetünk | tetszhettek | tetszhetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | tetszhettem | tetszhettél | tetszhetett | tetszhettünk | tetszhettetek | tetszhettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | tetszheték or tetszhetém |
tetszhetél | tetszhete or tetszheték |
tetszheténk | tetszhetétek | tetszhetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. tetszhet vala, tetszhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tetszhetendek or tetszendhetek |
tetszhetendesz or tetszendhetsz |
tetszhetend or tetszendhet |
tetszhetendünk or tetszendhetünk |
tetszhetendetek or tetszendhettek |
tetszhetendenek or tetszendhetnek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tetszhetnék (or tetszhetném) |
tetszhetnél | tetszhetne (or tetszhetnék*) |
tetszhetnénk | tetszhetnétek | tetszhetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tetszhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | tetszhessek (or tetszhessem) |
tetszhess or tetszhessél |
tetszhessen (or tetszhessék) |
tetszhessünk | tetszhessetek | tetszhessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tetszhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (tetszhetni) | (tetszhetnem) | (tetszhetned) | (tetszhetnie) | (tetszhetnünk) | (tetszhetnetek) | (tetszhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (tetszhetve / tetszhetvén) | ||||
As an auxiliary verb, only the third-person forms are used, since its purpose is to address someone with respect. Out of these, the subjunctive is replaced by the otherwise archaic alternative forms tessék in the singular and tessenek in the plural. The word tessék also survives in contemporary usage as an interjection.
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
(Expressions):
References
[edit]- ^ tetszik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ See also Verbs and adjectives that behave differently (in English vs. in Hungarian), Által (’By’), on the past participles derived from such verbs, On verbs of emotion, with special regard to their aspectual properties, especially the chart on page 3. In addition, see Thematic relation and Theta role in Wikipedia.
Further reading
[edit]- tetszik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -szik
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛt͡sːik
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛt͡sːik/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian auxiliary verbs
- Hungarian terms with archaic senses
- Hungarian verbs taking -nak/-nek