kaivertaa

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

* The third-person singular indicative form kaivertaa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd

inessive

kaivertamassa

—

elative

kaivertamasta

—

illative

kaivertamaan

—

adessive

kaivertamalla

—

abessive

kaivertamatta

—

instructive

kaivertaman

kaiverrettaman

4th³

verbal noun

kaivertaminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	kaivertamaisillani	kaivertamaisillamme
2nd	kaivertamaisillasi	kaivertamaisillanne
3rd	kaivertamaisillaan kaivertamaisillansa

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɑi̯ʋertɑː/, [ˈkɑ̝i̯ʋe̞rt̪ɑ̝ː]
Rhymes: -ɑiʋertɑː
Hyphenation^(key): kai‧ver‧taa

Verb

kaivertaa

third-person singular present indicative of kaivertaa

Anagrams

arkivaate, vaikertaa

Ingrian

Etymology

From kaivaa (“to dig up”) +‎ -ertaa. Akin to Finnish kaivertaa.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑi̯ʋertɑː/, [ˈkɑi̯ʋərtɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑi̯ʋertɑː/, [ˈkɑi̯ʋe̞rd̥ɑː]
Rhymes: -ɑi̯ʋertɑː
Hyphenation: kai‧ver‧taa

Verb

kaivertaa

(transitive) to carve

Conjugation

Conjugation of kaivertaa (type 3/kyntää, rt-rr gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kaiverran	en kaiverra	1st singular	oon kaivertant, oon kaivertanut	en oo kaivertant, en oo kaivertanut
2nd singular	kaiverrat	et kaiverra	2nd singular	oot kaivertant, oot kaivertanut	et oo kaivertant, et oo kaivertanut
3rd singular	kaivertaa	ei kaiverra	3rd singular	ono kaivertant, ono kaivertanut	ei oo kaivertant, ei oo kaivertanut
1st plural	kaiverramma	emmä kaiverra	1st plural	oomma kaivertanneet	emmä oo kaivertanneet
2nd plural	kaiverratta	että kaiverra	2nd plural	ootta kaivertanneet	että oo kaivertanneet
3rd plural	kaivertaat¹⁾, kaivertavat²⁾, kaiverrettaa	evät kaiverra, ei kaiverreta	3rd plural	ovat kaivertanneet	evät oo kaivertanneet, ei oo kaiverrettu
impersonal	kaiverrettaa	ei kaiverreta	impersonal	ono kaiverrettu	ei oo kaiverrettu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kaiversin	en kaivertant, en kaivertanut	1st singular	olin kaivertant, olin kaivertanut	en olt kaivertant, en olt kaivertanut
2nd singular	kaiversit	et kaivertant, et kaivertanut	2nd singular	olit kaivertant, olit kaivertanut	et olt kaivertant, et olt kaivertanut
3rd singular	kaiversi	ei kaivertant, ei kaivertanut	3rd singular	oli kaivertant, oli kaivertanut	ei olt kaivertant, ei olt kaivertanut
1st plural	kaiversimma	emmä kaivertanneet	1st plural	olimma kaivertanneet	emmä olleet kaivertanneet
2nd plural	kaiversitta	että kaivertanneet	2nd plural	olitta kaivertanneet	että olleet kaivertanneet
3rd plural	kaiversiit¹⁾, kaiversivat²⁾, kaiverrettii	evät kaivertanneet, ei kaiverrettu	3rd plural	olivat kaivertanneet	evät olleet kaivertanneet, ei olt kaiverrettu
impersonal	kaiverrettii	ei kaiverrettu	impersonal	oli kaiverrettu	ei olt kaiverrettu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kaivertaisin	en kaivertais	1st singular	olisin kaivertant, olisin kaivertanut	en olis kaivertant, en olis kaivertanut
2nd singular	kaivertaisit, kaivertaist¹⁾	et kaivertais	2nd singular	olisit kaivertant, olisit kaivertanut	et olis kaivertant, et olis kaivertanut
3rd singular	kaivertais	ei kaivertais	3rd singular	olis kaivertant, olis kaivertanut	ei olis kaivertant, ei olis kaivertanut
1st plural	kaivertaisimma	emmä kaivertais	1st plural	olisimma kaivertanneet	emmä olis kaivertanneet
2nd plural	kaivertaisitta	että kaivertais	2nd plural	olisitta kaivertanneet	että olis kaivertanneet
3rd plural	kaivertaisiit¹⁾, kaivertaisivat²⁾, kaiverrettais	evät kaivertais, ei kaiverrettais	3rd plural	olisivat kaivertanneet	evät olis kaivertanneet, ei olis kaiverrettu
impersonal	kaiverrettais	ei kaiverrettais	impersonal	olis kaiverrettu	ei olis kaiverrettu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	kaiverra	elä kaiverra	2nd singular	oo kaivertant, oo kaivertanut	elä oo kaivertant, elä oo kaivertanut
3rd singular	kaivertakkoo	elköö kaivertako	3rd singular	olkoo kaivertant, olkoo kaivertanut	elköö olko kaivertant, elköö olko kaivertanut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	kaivertakkaa	elkää kaivertako	2nd plural	olkaa kaivertanneet	elkää olko kaivertanneet
3rd plural	kaivertakkoot	elkööt kaivertako, elköö kaiverrettako	3rd plural	olkoot kaivertanneet	elkööt olko kaivertanneet, elköö olko kaiverrettu
impersonal	kaiverrettakoo	elköö kaiverrettako	impersonal	olkoo kaiverrettu	elköö olko kaiverrettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	kaivertanen	en kaivertane
2nd singular	kaivertanet	et kaivertane
3rd singular	kaivertannoo	ei kaivertane
1st plural	kaivertanemma	emmä kaivertane
2nd plural	kaivertanetta	että kaivertane
3rd plural	kaivertannoot	evät kaivertane, ei kaiverrettane
impersonal	kaiverrettanoo	ei kaiverrettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		kaivertaa	present	kaivertava	kaiverrettava
2nd	inessive	kaivertaes	past	kaivertant, kaivertanut	kaiverrettu
2nd	instructive	kaivertaen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kaivertakkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	kaivertammaa
	inessive	kaivertamas
	elative	kaivertamast
	abessive	kaivertamata
4th	nominative	kaivertamiin
	partitive	kaivertamista, kaivertamist

References

V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 20

kaivertaa

Contents

Finnish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

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kaivertaa

Finnish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

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