dać

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See also: dac, DAC, daC, DAc, đác, đạc, dąć, and đặc

Old Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dati. First attested in 1270.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /dat͡ɕ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /dat͡ɕ/

Verb

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dać pf (imperfective dawać)

  1. to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [with z (+ genitive)]/[with od (+ genitive) ‘from what’]
  2. to give (to move, shift, provide something abstract to someone or something or somewhere)
  3. to lend; to give forever or for a certain period of time (by obligation or against payment)
  4. to give (to provide (something) to (someone), to allow or afford)
  5. to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand)
  6. to give, to give off; to secret
  7. to vomit
  8. to move, to head somewhere
  9. to deliver; to send
  10. to send off, to make someone run away
  11. to send a matter to a higher authority
  12. to rely on the credibility of sworn persons
  13. to make; to cause (to cause to be)
  14. to let, to allow
  15. to designate
  16. to set a deadline or date; to schedule
  17. to command, to order
  18. (reflexive with się) to give in, to give up

Derived terms

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nouns
particles
verbs
verbs
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adjective
nouns

Descendants

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  • Polish: dać
  • Silesian: dać

References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “dać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “dać”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “dać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “dać”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish dać.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio 1; “dać”:(file)
  • Audio 2; “dać się”:(file)
  • Rhymes: -at͡ɕ
  • Syllabification: dać

Verb

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dać pf (imperfective dawać)

  1. (ditransitive) to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [with dative ‘to whom’]
    Dałeś dzieciom obiad? ― Did you give lunch to the children?
    • 2014, “In the Absence ov Light”, performed by Behemoth:
      Nie wierzę ani w Boga, ani w Rozum! / Dość już tych Bogów! Dajcie mi człowieka!
      I don’t believe in God nor in Reason! / Enough of these Gods! Give me a person!
  2. (ditransitive) to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand) [with dative ‘to whom’]
    Synonym: podać
  3. (ditransitive) to give (to allow someone to have access to, i.e. information) [with dative ‘to whom’]
    Synonym: podać
  4. (transitive) to give, to put on (to be the performer of)
  5. (transitive) to give (to cause to exist, particularly something beneficial) [with dative ‘to whom’]
  6. (transitive) to put (to place in a particular location)
    Synonym: podziać
  7. (transitive, colloquial) to pay (to cover a given cost) [with za (+ accusative) ‘(paying) for what’] [with na (+ accusative) ‘for/toward what’]
  8. (transitive) to give, to send, to put (to cause a given thing to go to a certain place to have something done to it)
  9. (transitive) to send (to decide that a person will go to a particular location and perform the typical activity at said location)
  10. (ditransitive, colloquial) to sell (to put into the ownership of someone else for a cost) [with dative ‘to whom’]
    Synonym: sprzedać
  11. (ditransitive) to give (having the proper authority, to cause a state to affect someone) [with dative ‘to whom’]
  12. (intransitive, colloquial) to hit (to use physical force against) [with dative ‘whom’, along with instrumental ‘with what’, along with po (+ locative) or w (+ accusative) ‘where’]
    Synonym: uderzyć
  13. (ditransitive) to give (to apply some substance on someone that will affect them) [with dative ‘to whom’]
  14. (intransitive) to let, to allow [with dative ‘whom’ and infinitive ‘to do what’]
    Synonym: pozwolić
    Daj mi posłuchać. ― Let me listen.
  15. (intransitive, colloquial) to turn (to cause something to change directions; to change directions)
  16. (intransitive, colloquial, of a woman) to put out; to consent to sex [with dative ‘for whom’]
    Jak było u niego? Dałaś mu? ― How was it at his place? Did you put out?
  17. (intransitive, colloquial, of rain, snow, frost, etc.) to fall with intensity
  18. (reflexive with się, colloquial, chiefly in the negative) to let, to allow oneself (to permit a particular thing to happen to a person) [with dative ‘to whom/what’]
  19. (reflexive with się) to be possible (to be able to be done) [with infinitive ‘to do what’]
    Synonym: można
    Antonym: nie sposób
  20. (intransitive, Near Masovian) to poison [with dative ‘whom’]
    Synonym: otruć

Conjugation

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Conjugation of dać pf
person singular plural
masculine feminine neuter virile nonvirile
infinitive dać
future tense 1st dam damy
2nd dasz dacie
3rd da dadzą
impersonal da się
past tense 1st dałem,
-(e)m dał 		dałam,
-(e)m dała 		dałom,
-(e)m dało 		daliśmy,
-(e)śmy dali 		dałyśmy,
-(e)śmy dały
2nd dałeś,
-(e)ś dał 		dałaś,
-(e)ś dała 		dałoś,
-(e)ś dało 		daliście,
-(e)ście dali 		dałyście,
-(e)ście dały
3rd dał dała dało dali dały
impersonal dano
conditional 1st dałbym,
bym dał 		dałabym,
bym dała 		dałobym,
bym dało 		dalibyśmy,
byśmy dali 		dałybyśmy,
byśmy dały
2nd dałbyś,
byś dał 		dałabyś,
byś dała 		dałobyś,
byś dało 		dalibyście,
byście dali 		dałybyście,
byście dały
3rd dałby,
by dał 		dałaby,
by dała 		dałoby,
by dało 		daliby,
by dali 		dałyby,
by dały
impersonal dano by
imperative 1st niech dam dajmy
2nd daj dajcie
3rd niech da niech dadzą
passive adjectival participle dany dana dane dani dane
anterior adverbial participle dawszy
verbal noun danie

An alternative form of imperative 2nd person plural dajcie is the archaic/rural form dajta, apparently a remnant of the archaic redundant dual form.

Derived terms

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adjective
adverbs
interjections
nouns
particles
phrases
proverbs
verbs
verbs
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adjectives
interjection
nouns
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adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 17 times in news, 27 times in essays, 63 times in fiction, and 140 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 265 times, making it the 194th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dać się is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 9 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 16 times in essays, 11 times in fiction, and 33 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 73 times, making it the 879th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “dać”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 68
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “dać się”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 68

Further reading

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  • dać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • dać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dać się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “DAĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.08.2022
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “dać”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “dać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “dać, daci, dawać, dajać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 420
  • dać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
  • Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “dać”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 240
  • Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “ńe dać”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 115

Silesian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish dać.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dać pf (imperfective dŏwać)

  1. (ditransitive) to give (to move, shift, provide something abstract or concrete to someone or something or somewhere)
    Synonyms: przekŏzać, wrynczyć
  2. (transitive) to pass along (to send a message to)
    Synonyms: przekŏzać, poprosić
  3. (transitive) to let, to allow
    Synonyms: pozwolić, przizwolić
  4. (transitive) to give, to pay
    Synonyms: udać, zapłacić

Conjugation

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

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noun
verbs
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noun

Further reading

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  • dac in dykcjonorz.eu
  • dać in silling.org

Upper Sorbian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dàti. Cognate with Lower Sorbian daś.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdat͡ʃ/
  • Rhymes: -at͡ʃ
  • Hyphenation: dać
  • Syllabification: dać

Verb

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dać pf (imperfective dawać)

  1. to give (to transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone)) [with dative ‘to whom’]
  2. to give, to hand, to pass (to place in someone's hand) [with dative ‘to whom’]
    Daj mi nóž. ― Give me a knife.
  3. to let, to allow [with dative ‘whom’ and infinitive ‘to do what’]
    Daj jemu hić ― Let him go.
  4. (reflexive with so) to start, to begin
    Jutře so do dźěła dam. ― I will start work tomorrow
  5. (reflexive with so) to attack [with accusative ‘someone’]

Conjugation

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Conjugation of dać (perfective)
person singular dual plural
virile nonvirile
infinitive dać
transgressive dawši
present tense 1st dam damoj damy
2nd daš dataj datej daće
3rd da dataj datej dadźa
past tense 1st dach dachmoj dachmy
2nd da daštaj daštej dašće
3rd da daštaj daštej dachu
imperative 1st — dajmoj dajmy
2nd daj dajtaj dajtej dajće
3rd daj —
active participle —
passive participle daty
ł-form dał
verbal noun daće

Verb

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dać impf or pf

  1. (dialectal) to order, to tell someone to do something [with dative ‘someone’]
    Da sebi zub wutorhnyć ― He ordered to have his tooth removed

Conjugation

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Conjugation of dać (imperfective)
person singular dual plural
virile nonvirile
infinitive dać
transgressive dajo
present tense 1st dam damoj damy
2nd daš dataj datej daće
3rd da dataj datej dadźa
past tense 1st dach dachmoj dachmy
2nd daše daštaj daštej dašće
3rd daše daštaj daštej dachu
imperative 1st — dajmoj dajmy
2nd daj dajtaj dajtej dajće
3rd daj —
active participle —
passive participle daty
ł-form dał
verbal noun daće
Conjugation of dać (perfective)
person singular dual plural
virile nonvirile
infinitive dać
transgressive dawši
present tense 1st dam damoj damy
2nd daš dataj datej daće
3rd da dataj datej dadźa
past tense 1st dach dachmoj dachmy
2nd da daštaj daštej dašće
3rd da daštaj daštej dachu
imperative 1st — dajmoj dajmy
2nd daj dajtaj dajtej dajće
3rd daj —
active participle —
passive participle daty
ł-form dał
verbal noun daće

Derived terms

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interjections
verbs
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adjectives
nouns

References

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  • Schuster-Šewc, Heinz (1978) Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Language] (in German), numbers 3 (čurać – ewangelski), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, →ISBN, page 142
  • Křesćan Pful, editor (1866), “dać”, in Łužiski serbski słownik / Lausitzisch Wendisches Wörterbuch‎[1] (in German), Budyšin: Maćica Serbska, page 105
  • “dać” in Soblex
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