amargar

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin amāricāre, derived from Latin amārus (“bitter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.mərˈɡa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.maɾˈɣaɾ]

Verb

amargar (first-person singular present amargo, first-person singular preterite amarguí, past participle amargat)

1. (intransitive) to have a bitter taste
   • 1950, Josep Pla, Bodegó amb peixos:

     El moixó és un peix petit, que menja la vegetació del litoral i amarga una mica; té el gust una mica acre de les pastures assolellades.

     The big-scale sand smelt is a small fish which eats littoral vegetation and tastes a little bitter; it has the slightly acrid flavour of sunny pastures.

2. (transitive) to make bitter or sour
3. (transitive, figurative) to embitter, to sour, to spoil
   • 1963, Àngel Sánchez Gozalbo, Els Viciana i la nostra literatura:

     Amargada i afligida per la soptada mort del fill fadrí, Jaume de Viciana, la vídua de Rampston s'arrecera al costat de la filla casada Àngela i se'n va a València, no sense abans vendre el propi patrimoni i l'heretat del vincle a Castelló i Borriana.

     Embittered and afflicted by the sudden death of her unmarried son, Jaume de Viciana, Rampston's widow took shelter at the side of her married daughter Àngela and went to Valencia, not without first selling her own inheritance and that held in security to Castelló i Borriana.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of amargar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			amargar
gerund			amargant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		amargat		amargada
		plural		amargats		amargades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	amargo	amargues	amarga	amarguem	amargueu	amarguen
	imperfect	amargava	amargaves	amargava	amargàvem	amargàveu	amargaven
	future	amargaré	amargaràs	amargarà	amargarem	amargareu	amargaran
	preterite	amarguí	amargares	amargà	amargàrem	amargàreu	amargaren
	conditional	amargaria	amargaries	amargaria	amargaríem	amargaríeu	amargarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	amargui	amarguis	amargui	amarguem	amargueu	amarguin
	imperfect	amargués	amarguessis	amargués	amarguéssim	amarguéssiu	amarguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	amarga	amargui	amarguem	amargueu	amarguin
	negative (no)	—	no amarguis	no amargui	no amarguem	no amargueu	no amarguin

Related terms

• amarg

Further reading

• “amargar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Ladino

Etymology

From Late Latin amāricāre, derived from Latin amārus (“bitter”).

Verb

amargar (Latin spelling)

1. to embitter, sadden

Related terms

• amargo

Portuguese

Etymology

From Late Latin amāricāre, derived from Latin amārus (“bitter”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.maʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.maɦˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.maʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.maɦˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.maɾˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.maʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.maʁˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.maɻˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.mɐɾˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.mɐɾˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.mɐɾˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.mɐɾˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.mɐɾˈɡa.ɾi/ [ɐ.mɐɾˈɣa.ɾi]

Verb

amargar (first-person singular present amargo, first-person singular preterite amarguei, past participle amargado)

1. to embitter (to cause to have an acrid taste)
2. (figurative) to cause sorrow or grief

   Synonym: amargurar

   Antonym: desamargar

3. (figurative) to wallow in sorrow or grief

Conjugation

    Conjugation of amargar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	amargar
Personal	amargar	amargares	amargar	amargarmos	amargardes	amargarem
Gerund
	amargando
Past participle
Masculine	amargado			amargados
Feminine	amargada			amargadas
Indicative
Present	amargo	amargas	amarga	amargamos	amargais	amargam
Imperfect	amargava	amargavas	amargava	amargávamos	amargáveis	amargavam
Preterite	amarguei	amargaste	amargou	amargamos1, amargámos2	amargastes	amargaram
Pluperfect	amargara	amargaras	amargara	amargáramos	amargáreis	amargaram
Future	amargarei	amargarás	amargará	amargaremos	amargareis	amargarão
Conditional	amargaria	amargarias	amargaria	amargaríamos	amargaríeis	amargariam
Subjunctive
Present	amargue	amargues	amargue	amarguemos	amargueis	amarguem
Imperfect	amargasse	amargasses	amargasse	amargássemos	amargásseis	amargassem
Future	amargar	amargares	amargar	amargarmos	amargardes	amargarem
Imperative
Affirmative		amarga	amargue	amarguemos	amargai	amarguem
Negative (não)		não amargues	não amargue	não amarguemos	não amargueis	não amarguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:amargar.

Related terms

• amargo
• amargor
• amargoso
• armargura

Further reading

• “amargar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin amāricāre, derived from Latin amārus (“bitter”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /amaɾˈɡaɾ/ [a.maɾˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: a‧mar‧gar

Verb

amargar (first-person singular present amargo, first-person singular preterite amargué, past participle amargado)

1. (transitive) to make bitter; embitter
2. (reflexive) to go bitter, get bitter

Conjugation

    Conjugation of amargar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			amargar
gerund			amargando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		amargado		amargada
		plural		amargados		amargadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	amargo	amargastú amargásvos	amarga	amargamos	amargáis	amargan
	imperfect	amargaba	amargabas	amargaba	amargábamos	amargabais	amargaban
	preterite	amargué	amargaste	amargó	amargamos	amargasteis	amargaron
	future	amargaré	amargarás	amargará	amargaremos	amargaréis	amargarán
	conditional	amargaría	amargarías	amargaría	amargaríamos	amargaríais	amargarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	amargue	amarguestú amarguésvos2	amargue	amarguemos	amarguéis	amarguen
	imperfect (ra)	amargara	amargaras	amargara	amargáramos	amargarais	amargaran
	imperfect (se)	amargase	amargases	amargase	amargásemos	amargaseis	amargasen
	future1	amargare	amargares	amargare	amargáremos	amargareis	amargaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		amargatú amargávos	amargue	amarguemos	amargad	amarguen
	negative		no amargues	no amargue	no amarguemos	no amarguéis	no amarguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of amargar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive amargar
	dative	amargarme	amargarte	amargarle, amargarse	amargarnos	amargaros	amargarles, amargarse
	accusative	amargarme	amargarte	amargarlo, amargarla, amargarse	amargarnos	amargaros	amargarlos, amargarlas, amargarse
with gerund amargando
	dative	amargándome	amargándote	amargándole, amargándose	amargándonos	amargándoos	amargándoles, amargándose
	accusative	amargándome	amargándote	amargándolo, amargándola, amargándose	amargándonos	amargándoos	amargándolos, amargándolas, amargándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative amarga
	dative	amárgame	amárgate	amárgale	amárganos	not used	amárgales
	accusative	amárgame	amárgate	amárgalo, amárgala	amárganos	not used	amárgalos, amárgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative amargá
	dative	amargame	amargate	amargale	amarganos	not used	amargales
	accusative	amargame	amargate	amargalo, amargala	amarganos	not used	amargalos, amargalas
with formal second-person singular imperative amargue
	dative	amárgueme	not used	amárguele, amárguese	amárguenos	not used	amárgueles
	accusative	amárgueme	not used	amárguelo, amárguela, amárguese	amárguenos	not used	amárguelos, amárguelas
with first-person plural imperative amarguemos
	dative	not used	amarguémoste	amarguémosle	amarguémonos	amarguémoos	amarguémosles
	accusative	not used	amarguémoste	amarguémoslo, amarguémosla	amarguémonos	amarguémoos	amarguémoslos, amarguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative amargad
	dative	amargadme	not used	amargadle	amargadnos	amargaos	amargadles
	accusative	amargadme	not used	amargadlo, amargadla	amargadnos	amargaos	amargadlos, amargadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative amarguen
	dative	amárguenme	not used	amárguenle	amárguennos	not used	amárguenles, amárguense
	accusative	amárguenme	not used	amárguenlo, amárguenla	amárguennos	not used	amárguenlos, amárguenlas, amárguense

Derived terms

• a nadie le amarga un dulce
• amargado
• amargoso
• la verdad amarga

 

Related terms

• amargo

 

Further reading

• “amargar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28