Appendix:Old Italic script

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This appendix explains characters written in the Old Italic script.

Old Italic script languages

Old Italic script

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Approximate distribution of languages in Iron Age Italy during the sixth century BC.

This article lists the characters of the Old Italic script (Ital) as defined by Unicode. Because Unicode only provides 36 characters to encode the wide variety of ancient letterforms, the charts below seek to show the proper mapping of each language's runes to the proper Unicode symbol. This table may lack information due to lack of evidence (e.g. many of the numerals may be unattested), but these materials should serve as a guide for Old Italic transcription and entry creation.

Languages encoded using this standard

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In accordance with a recommendation made to the Unicode Consortium,[1] which was accepted in Unicode 7, the Old Italic Unicode block should be used to encode the native scripts of the following languages:

  • Etruscan
  • Faliscan
  • Gallic (interpreted here to mean Noric)
  • Lepontic
  • Ligurian
  • North Picene
  • Old Latin
  • Oscan
  • Rhetic
  • South Picene
  • Umbrian
  • Venetic

Not included in this proposal are Camunic, whose alphabets are erratic and under-researched, and Lemnian, which is not found on mainland Europe. The Lemnian transliteration is fairly straightforward and should be used in mainspace entries, but the Camunic encoding should be considered provisional. Also, Ligurian is not included in the below chart but should be added if reliable information may be found concerning it.

Letterforms

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The standard representations of the Old Italic script defined by Unicode do not represent the wide range of shapes the glyphs may take. For a more compendious list, see Appendix:Italic script.

Unicode block

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Old Italic[2][3]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1030x 𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌎 𐌏
U+1031x 𐌐 𐌑 𐌒 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌗 𐌘 𐌙 𐌚 𐌛 𐌜 𐌝 𐌞 𐌟
U+1032x 𐌠 𐌡 𐌢 𐌣
Notes
  1. ^ Proposal to Encode Additional Old Italic Characters
  2. ^ As of Unicode version 7.0
  3. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

    4. Symbol correspondences

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    Blue cells represent when a language uses a transliteration closely related to the standard transliteration.
    Red cells represent when a language uses a transliteration unrelated to the standard transliteration.
    Gray cells represent when a language does not possess a particular character.
    Letter Transliteration
    Symbol Name General Tyrsenian Tyrsenian? Latino-Faliscan Osco-Umbian Italic? Celtic Unknown
    Etruscan Lemnian Camunic Raetic Old Latin Faliscan Oscan Umbrian South Picene Venetic Lepontic Noric North Picene
    Model Archaic Late East West
    πŒ€ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
    𐌁 be b b ― ― ― Ε› tΚΌ / ΓΎ ― b ― b b b ― ― b b
    πŒ‚ ke c c c c ― g ― ? c c g ― g j ― g g
    πŒƒ de d d ― ― ― ― ― ― d d d ― ― ― ― ― ―
    πŒ„ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
    πŒ… ve v v v v v ― v v f v v v v v[1] v ― v
    πŒ† ze z z z z z z ⟨z⟩ [d] z z ⟨z⟩ [ts] ⟨z⟩ [dz] ⟨z⟩ [ts] ― d z z ―
    πŒ‡ he h h h h h h h h h h h h h h[1] ― ― ―
    𐌈 the ΞΈ ΞΈ ΞΈ ΞΈ ΞΈ ΞΈ ― ― ― ― ― ⟨θ / t⟩ [t][2] ΞΈ ΞΈ ΞΈ d ΞΈ
    πŒ‰ i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
    𐌊 ka k k k ― k k k k k ― k k k k k ― k
    πŒ‹ el l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
    𐌌 em m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
    𐌍 en n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
    𐌎 esh Ε‘ Ε‘ ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
    𐌏 o o o ― ― o o ― ― o o ― ― ― o o o o
    𐌐 pe p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
    πŒ‘ she Ε› Ε› Ε› Ε› ― b Ε› Ε› ― ― ― ⟨s / ő⟩ [s][2] Γ­ Ε› Ε› ― Ε›
    πŒ’ ku q q q ― ― ― ― ― q ― ― ― q ― ― ― ―
    πŒ“ er r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
    πŒ” es s s s s s ― s s s s s s s s s s ―
    πŒ• te t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
    πŒ– u u u u u ― u u u u u u u u u u u ―
    πŒ— eks x x x ― ― ― ― ― x x ― ― ― ― ― x ―
    𐌘 phe Ο† Ο† Ο† Ο† Ο† Ο† Ο† Ο† ― ― ― ― ― b ― ― ―
    πŒ™ khe Ο‡ Ο‡ Ο‡ Ο‡ Ο‡ s Ο‡ Ο‡ ― ― ― ― ― g Ο‡ g ―
    𐌚 ef f ― f f ― ― ― ― ― ― f ― ― ― ― ― ―
    πŒ› ers Ε™ ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― βŸ¨Ε™βŸ© [zΜ ] ― ― ― ― ―
    𐌜 che Γ§ ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ⟨ç⟩ [Κƒ] ― ― ― ― ―
    𐌝 ii Γ­ ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― Γ­ ― ― ― ― ― ―
    𐌞 uu ' ΓΊ ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ΓΊ ― ΓΊ ― ― ― ΓΊ
    𐌟 ess k 100 100 100 ― ts / ΓΎΓΎ ― ― ― ― ― ― k ― ― ― ―
    𐌠 1 1 1 1 1 ? ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ― ?
    𐌑 5 5 5 5 5 ? ? ? ? 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ― ?
    𐌒 10 10 10 10 10 ? ? ? ? 10 ? ? ? ? ? ? ― ?
    𐌣 50 50 50 50 50 ? ΓΎ ? ? 50 f ? ? ? ? ? ― ?
    Β· one dot ― word-break word-break word-break ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― o word-break word-break word-break ―
    ⁚ two dots ― word-break word-break word-break word-break ― ― ― ― ― ― word-break f ― ― ― ―
    ⁝ thee dots ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― word-break ― ― ― ―
    Symbol Name General Model Archaic Late Lemnian Camunic East West Old Latin Faliscan Oscan Umbrian South Picene Venetic Lepontic Noric North Picene
    Etruscan Raetic
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Venetic uses the digraph πŒ‡πŒ… (f) to represent the f sound.
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 𐌈 and πŒ‘ occurr both twice in the entire Umbrian corpus in variation respectively with with πŒ• and πŒ”, standing for /t/ and /s/. Linguists usually transliterate 𐌈 as ⟨θ⟩ while normalizing πŒ‘ as ⟨s⟩, possibly to avoid confusion with 𐌜 /Κƒ/, spelled ⟨SΜ€βŸ© in the Latin alphabet inscriptions.

    References

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    General
    • Pauli, Carl Eugen. Altitalische Forschungen. Vol. 1. JA Barth, 1885. p. 55 - 7
    • Johnson, Sarah Elizabeth, Robert Seymour Conway, and Joshua Whatmough. The Prae-Italic Dialects of Italy: In Three Volumes. Harvard University Press (1933).
    • Old Italic script on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
    • Old Italic on Omniglot
    • Steiner-Welz, Sonja. Von der Schrift und den Schriftarten. Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag eK, 2003. page 158.
    • Buck, Carl Darling. A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: with a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary. Ginn, 1904. pages 22-25.
    Etruscan
    Faliscan
    Lemnian
    Lepontic
    Old Latin
    Oscan
    Noric
    Raetic
    • Tomezzoli, Giancarlo, and V. A. Cudinov. β€œThe β€œSpada di Verona”.” Zbornik posveta Praprebivalstvo na tleh Srednje Evrope (Proceedings of the Conference Ancient Settlers of Central Europe). 2003.
    Umbrian
    Venetic
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