Wiktionary:Hamer-Banna entry guidelines
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This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. This is a draft proposal. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by Wiktionary editors. |
| Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES. |
Hamer-Banna belongs to the South Omotic branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
On Wiktionary, the orthography (and hence also the analysis) follows.[1]
Editing considerations
[edit]Verbs are lemmatised under the 'general' form ending in -á, in contrast to being lemmatised under the root in Petrollino's glossary. For example, what is provided as yesk is created under the entry yeská.
Inflected forms should not be created unless they are attested, whether through a glossary or through a quote.
Orthography
[edit]Here we list all the glyphs (i.e. letters) that are used in this orthography.
| Majuscule | A | Á | Â | B | Ɓ | C | Cʼ | D | Ɗ | E | É | Ê | Ɛ | Ɛ́ | Ɛ̂ | G | Ɠ | H | I | Í | Î | J | K | L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscule | a | á | â | b | ɓ | c | cʼ | d | ɗ | e | é | ê | ɛ | ɛ́ | ɛ̂ | g | ɠ | h | i | í | î | j | k | l |
| Majuscule | M | N | Ɲ | O | Ó | Ô | Ɔ | Ɔ́ | Ɔ̂ | P | Q | R | S | T | Tʼ | U | Ú | Û | W | X | Y | Z | ʔ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscule | m | n | ɲ | o | ó | ô | ɔ | ɔ́ | ɔ̂ | p | q | r | s | t | tʼ | u | ú | û | w | x | y | z | ʔ |
Note that some letters cannot occur at the beginning of a word, but the majuscule version is still listed.
Consonants
[edit]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar / Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ m |
/n/ n |
/ɲ/ ɲ |
|||
| Plosive | /p/, /b/ p, b |
/t/, /d/ t, d |
/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ c, j |
/k/, /ɡ/ k, g |
/q/ q |
/ʔ/ ʔ[note 1] |
| Implosive | /ɓ/ ɓ |
/ɗ/ ɗ |
/ɠ/ ɠ |
|||
| Ejective | /tʼ/ tʼ |
/t͡ʃʼ/ cʼ |
||||
| Fricative | /s/, /z/ s, z |
/ʃ/ sh[note 2] |
/x/ x |
/h/ h | ||
| Trill | /r/ r |
|||||
| Lateral | /l/ l |
|||||
| Glide | /w/ w |
/j/ y |
Vowels
[edit]There are 7 short vowels, 7 long vowels, and 5 diphthongs.
| Vowel | IPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Short vowels | ||
| i | /i/ | walí (“sickle”) |
| u | /u/ | túla (“small pond”) |
| e | /e/ | meté (“head”) |
| o | /o/ | noqó (“water”) |
| ɛ | /ɛ/ | ɓɛ́nta (“seed”) |
| ɔ | /ɔ/ | bɔ́na (“drought”) |
| a | /a/ | berá (“in front of”) |
| Long vowels | ||
| ii | /iː/ | zíiga (“spinal cord”) |
| uu | /uː/ | shúupi (“sunflower”) |
| ee | /eː/ | déetʼa (“heavy”) |
| oo | /oː/ | kóofini (“squirrel”) |
| ɛɛ | /ɛː/ | dɛ́ɛga (“dumb”) |
| ɔɔ | /ɔː/ | qɔ́ɔcʼa (“nape”) |
| aa | /aː/ | háada (“rope”) |
| Diphthongs | ||
| ai | /ai/ | áigi (“fence”) |
| au | /au/ | qáu (“forest”) |
| ei | /ei/ | weilám (“heart”) |
| oi | /oi/ | óiso (“question”) |
| ia | /ia/ | sía (“bad”) |
Stress
[edit]Every word has exactly one stressed syllable, which can carry either a high tone (written as á) or a falling tone (written as â), except for monosyllabic words of the form CVC (C = Consonant, V = Vowel), which bear no diacritics.
For digraphs (i.e. long vowels and diphthongs), the diacritic falls on the first character. (For examples, see #Vowels above.)
| Tone | IPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| (unmarked) | (unmarked) | qóle (“where?”) |
| á | /á/ | wucʼé (“(you all) drink!”) |
| â | /â/ | wucʼê (“he doesn't drink”) |