Wiktionary:About Venetan

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Definition

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Dark and bright red denote the areas where Venetan is or was spoken. Pink denotes an area of Venetan influence over neighbouring languages.

Venetan refers to the indigenous Romance language spoken in the region of Veneto and environs.

The term is not to be confused with Venetian, which refers to the variety spoken in and around the city of Venice. The latter is labelled as Lagunar on Wiktionary, in reference to the Venetian Lagoon.

Orthography

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The orthographic principles to be used for lemmas on Wiktionary are as follows. (Alternative forms may follow other orthographies.)

  • Evanescent L is spelt ⟨ł⟩ (not ⟨ƚ⟩)[n 1]
  • /s/ is spelt two ways:
    • ⟨ç⟩ if in some dialects the word in question has /t͡s/ or /θ/ instead of /s/, as in çincueçento (“five hundred”) or çata (“paw”)
    • otherwise always ⟨s⟩, as in casa (“crate”)
  • /z/ is spelt three ways:
    • ⟨z⟩ if in some dialects the word in question has /d͡z/, /ð/, or /d/ instead of /z/, as in pianze (“cries”)
    • ⟨s⟩ if it is found before a voiced consonant, as in sbaro (“shot”)
    • otherwise always ⟨x⟩, as in xe (“is”) or noxa (“walnut”)
  • /st͡ʃ/ is spelt ⟨s-ci⟩, as in s-ciopo (“rifle”)[n 2]
  • /kw/, /ɡw/ are spelt ⟨cu⟩, ⟨gu⟩[n 3]
  • /ɲ/ is spelt ⟨gn⟩
  • /j/ is spelt ⟨j⟩ if in some dialects the word in question has /d͡ʒ/ instead of /j/
  • Since the only nasal to occur in syllable coda is [ŋ], the sequences ⟨mp⟩ and ⟨mb⟩ do not occur (only ⟨np⟩, ⟨nb⟩)
  • Grave and acute accents on vowels are used:
    • in all proparoxytone (sdrucciole, bisdrucciole, etc.) words, as in góndoła or pètene (“comb”), and paroxytone (piane) words that end in consonants, as in métar (“to put”)
    • in all oxytone (tronche) words, as in ancó (“today”), except those that end in consonants, as in contadin (“farmer”)
    • for stressed /i/ after /u/, as in puìna (“ricotta”), and for stressed /i/ or /u/ before a final vowel, as in finìo (“over”) or bevùo (“drunk”)
    • unpredictably in certain monosyllables
    • note: the headword should always match the entry title - no additional diacritics should be added

Notes

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  1. ^ That is, U+0142 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE and not U+019A LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR. While the Grafia Veneta Unitaria uses the latter, it goes against established practice, and the arguments for doing so are not convincing.
  2. ^ The hyphen is intended to prevent a reader from reading the sequence as /ʃ/, as it would be in Standard Italian spelling. There is no actual ambiguity since Venetan lacks /ʃ/.
  3. ^ ⟨qu⟩ is not used for /kw/

Further reading

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  • Grafia Veneta Unitaria. Manuale a cura della Giunta regionale del Veneto, Venezia: La Galiverna, 1995
  • Brunelli, Michele (2012) Manual Gramaticałe Xenerałe de ła Łéngua Vèneta e łe só varianti, Bassano del Grappa
  • Ferguson, Ronnie (2007) A linguistic history of Venice, Florence: Olschki
  • Belloni, Silvio (1991) Grammatica veneta, 2nd edition, Padova: Esedra Editrice
  • Basso, Walter (2005) Dizionario da scarsèla veneto–italiano, 2nd edition, Padua: Ed. ScantaBauchi
  • Boerio, Giuseppe (1867) Dizionario del dialetto veneziano, 3rd edition, Venice: G. Cecchini
  • Nazari, Giulio (1876) Dizionario vicentino–italiano […], Oderzo: Bianchi
  • Patriarchi, Gasparo (1821) Vocabolario veneziano e padovano […], 3rd edition, Padua: Tipografia del Seminario
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