Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tamïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *tam- (“to drip”) +‎ *-mïr. Rounding of the second vowel due to neighboring /m/ to *tamur can be seen by Middle Turkic.

Noun

*tamïr

1. (anatomy) vein, artery
2. (figurative) root of a plant

Declension

Declension of *tamïr

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tamïr
Accusative	*tamïrïg, *tamïrnï1)
Genitive	*tamïrnïŋ
Dative	*tamïrka
Locative	*tamïrta
Ablative	*tamïrtan
Allative	*tamïrgaru
Instrumental 2)	*tamïrïn
Equative 2)	*tamïrča
Similative 2)	*tamïrlayu
Comitative 2)	*tamïrlïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: тымар (tymar)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz: تَمَرْ (tamar)
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: damar
    • Ottoman Turkish: طمر (damar)
      • Gagauz: damar
      • Turkish: damar
      • → Crimean Tatar: damar
      • → Karaim: тамар
  • Salar: damır, damur
  • Turkmen: damar
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: تَمُرْ (tamur)
    • Chagatai:
      • Uzbek: tomir
      • Uyghur: تومۇر (tomur)
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karachay-Balkar: тамыр (tamır)
    • Karaim: тамур
    • Kumyk: тамыр (tamır)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тамыр (tamır)
    • Tatar: тамыр (tamır)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: тамыр
      • Kazakh: тамыр (tamyr)
      • Nogai: тамыр (tamır)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: тамыр (tamır)
      • Southern Altai: тамыр (tamïr)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽶𐽾 (tamır)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (tamır)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: тымыр
    • Yakut: тымыр (tımır)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: дамыр
      • Tuvan: дамыр (damır)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: тамыр (tamır)
      • Shor:
• → Proto-Mongolic: *tamïr (“strength, energy; blood vessel”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tamar/tamır”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 508
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “damar”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 105
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “damar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 460
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 143
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dạmor”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill