Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/xülme

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Noun

*xülme

1. needle

Declension

Declension of *xülme

	Singular
Nominative	*xülme
Accusative	*xülmebe
Genitive	*xülmeŋī
Dative	*xülmedüe
Locative	*xülmele
Ablative	*xülmediki
Prolative	*xülmeli
Elative	*xülmegiʒi
Instrumental	*xülmeʒi
Delative	*xülmelēki
Directive	*xülmetiki
Comitative	*xülmegili

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 兀墨 (ulme /⁠u-me⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᡠᠯᠮᡝ (ulme)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: инмэ (inmə)
    • Evenki: инмэ (inmə), илмэ (ilmə), иммэ (immə)
    • Negidal: инмэ (inme)
    • Oroqen: inmə
    • Solon: imme
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: иммэ (imme)
      • Udihe: иӈмэ (iŋme)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: хуктэ (xukte)
      • Orok: хулмэ (xulme)
      • Ulch: хулмэн (xulme(n)), хулмэ(н)

References

• Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, page 316
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 253.