Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stěna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *staiˀnā́ˀ. Cognate with Proto-West Germanic *stain (“stone”), Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”) and Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “hardens, solidifies”).

Noun

*stěnà f

1. conglomeration (of stones)
2. lump, block
3. cliff, rock
4. wall, stone wall

Declension

Declension of *stěnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stěnà	*stě̑ně	*stě̑ny
genitive	*stěný	*stěnù	*stě̃nъ
dative	*stěně̀	*stěnàma	*stěnàmъ
accusative	*stě̑nǫ	*stě̑ně	*stě̑ny
instrumental	*stěnojǫ́	*stěnàma	*stěnàmi
locative	*stě̑ně	*stěnù	*stěnàsъ, *stěnàxъ*
vocative	*stěno	*stě̑ně	*stě̑ny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Related terms

• *stьblo, *stьblь (“stem, stalk, trunk”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: стѣна (stěna)
    • Belarusian: сцяна́ (scjaná)
    • Russian: стена́ (stená)
    • Ukrainian: стіна́ (stiná)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: стѣна (stěna)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱑⱀⰰ (stěna)

  • Bulgarian: стена́ (stená)
  • Macedonian: стена (stena)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: сте́на, стије́на, стѝна (“rock”)

    Latin: sténa, stijéna, stìna (“rock”)

  • Slovene: stẹ́na (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: stěna
    • Czech: stěna
  • Old Polish: ściana
    • Polish: ściana
    • Silesian: ściana
  • Old Slovak: stena
    • Slovak: stena
  • Polabian: sťonă
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: scana
    • Slovincian: scana
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sćěna
    • Lower Sorbian: sćěna

• Non-Slavic:
  • Romanian: stană

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стена”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “стена”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 201
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “стена”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa