Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔiš-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʔiš- f

1. fire

Inflection

Declension of *ʔiš-

case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ʔišum	*ʔišāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ʔišam	*ʔišayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ʔišim
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔišī / *ʔišVya	—	*ʔišVni
2nd person m	*ʔišVka	*ʔišVkumā / *ʔišVkumay	*ʔišVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔišVki		*ʔišVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔišVšu	*ʔišVšumā / *ʔišVšumay	*ʔišVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔišVša		*ʔišVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔišuya for nom. case, *ʔišiya for gen. case, *ʔišaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒉈 (išātum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic:
      • Arabic: أُسٌّ (ʔussun, “remains of ashes; foundation of a campsite”)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: אֶשָּׁתָא (ʾeššāṯā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܐܶܫܴ݁ܬܴܐ (ʾeššāṯā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: אֵשׁ (esh, ʾēš), אִשֶּׁה ('ishé, ʾiššê)
        • Phoenician: 𐤀𐤔 (ʾš)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎌𐎚 (ỉšt /⁠ʾiššatu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: እሳት (ʾəsat), ሳት (sat)
    • Dahalik: [script needed] (ʾisat)
    • Ge'ez: እሳት (ʾəsat)
    • Tigre: እሳት (ʾəsat)
  • Modern South Arabian
    • Soqotri: ڛياط (ŝiyáṭ)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN