Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂yōs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From the adjective *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) +‎ *-yōs (intensive suffix).

Adjective

*méǵh₂yōs

1. bigger, greater

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*méǵh₂yōs	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂isés	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yōs	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yoses
vocative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yoses
accusative	*méǵh₂yosm̥	*méǵh₂yosh₁(e)	*méǵh₂yosm̥s
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂isés	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isóHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂isés	*?	*m̥ǵh₂ismós, *m̥ǵh₂isbʰós
dative	*m̥ǵh₂iséy	*?	*m̥ǵh₂ismós, *m̥ǵh₂isbʰós
locative	*m̥ǵh₂yés, *m̥ǵh₂yési	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isú
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂iséh₁	*?	*m̥ǵh₂ismís, *m̥ǵh₂isbʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂h₁(e)	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂es
vocative	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂h₁(e)	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂es
accusative	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂m̥	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂h₁(e)	*m̥ǵh₂yésih₂m̥s
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂s	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂oHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂s	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂mos, *m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂bʰos
dative	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂ey	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂mos, *m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂bʰos
locative	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂, *m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂i	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂su
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂h₁	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂mis, *m̥ǵh₂isyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
vocative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
accusative	*méǵh₂yos	*méǵh₂yosih₁	*méǵh₂yōs
genitive	*m̥ǵh₂isés	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isóHom
ablative	*m̥ǵh₂isés	*?	*m̥ǵh₂ismós, *m̥ǵh₂isbʰós
dative	*m̥ǵh₂iséy	*?	*m̥ǵh₂ismós, *m̥ǵh₂isbʰós
locative	*m̥ǵh₂yés, *m̥ǵh₂yési	*?	*m̥ǵh₂isú
instrumental	*m̥ǵh₂iséh₁	*?	*m̥ǵh₂ismís, *m̥ǵh₂isbʰís

Derived terms

• *méǵh₂-is-to-s (“biggest”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *mégistos
    • Ancient Greek: μέγιστος (mégistos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰištʰas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰiṣṭʰas
      • Sanskrit: महिष्ठ (máhiṣṭha)
    • Proto-Iranian: *májištas
      • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (mazišta)
      • Parthian: (/⁠masišt⁠/)

        Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (msyšt)

      • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠*maþista⁠/)
        • Middle Persian: (/⁠mehist⁠/)

          Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (mhyst)

          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (msst')

          • Classical Persian: مهست (mehest, “greatest, biggest”)
• *méǵh₂-is-tero-s
  • Proto-Italic: *magisteros
    • Faliscan: 𐌌𐌀𐌂𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌖 (macistratu, “magistracy”)
    • Latin: magister
    • Umbrian: 𐌌𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖 (mestru)
    • Venetic: 𐌌𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌁𐌏𐌔 (maisteratorbos)
• *m(e)ǵh₂-is-m̥mo-
  • Proto-Italic: *magisəmos
    • Latin: maximus

Descendants

• Proto-Celtic: *magyos
  • Continental:
    • Gaulish: Magios
  • Goidelic:
    • Old Irish: maige
• Proto-Hellenic: *méďďōn
  • Ancient Greek: μείζων (meízōn)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́ʰyas
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰyas
    • Sanskrit: महीयस् (máhīyas)
  • Proto-Iranian: *májyah
    • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (maziiah)
• Proto-Italic: *magjōs, *magis (< *m̥ǵh₂-is)
  • Latin: maior, magis
  • Oscan: mais