Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰórtos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). Alternatively, Matasović proposes that this is instead from a neo-root derived from a root noun *gʰṓrdʰ-s (root *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), genitive *gʰr̥dʰ-ós, where the root-final consonant would devoice to -t- in the nominative singular. Whether the initial consonant was a palatovelar cannot be ascertained, since reflexes of *ǵʰórtos are only securely attested in centum languages.[1]
Noun
[edit]*ǵʰórtos m (non-ablauting)
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *ǵʰórtos | ||
| genitive | *ǵʰórtosyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *ǵʰórtos | *ǵʰórtoh₁ | *ǵʰórtoes |
| vocative | *ǵʰórte | *ǵʰórtoh₁ | *ǵʰórtoes |
| accusative | *ǵʰórtom | *ǵʰórtoh₁ | *ǵʰórtoms |
| genitive | *ǵʰórtosyo | *? | *ǵʰórtoHom |
| ablative | *ǵʰórtead | *? | *ǵʰórtomos, *ǵʰórtobʰos |
| dative | *ǵʰórtoey | *? | *ǵʰórtomos, *ǵʰórtobʰos |
| locative | *ǵʰórtey, *ǵʰórtoy | *? | *ǵʰórtoysu |
| instrumental | *ǵʰórtoh₁ | *? | *ǵʰórtōys |
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Celtic: *gortos
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: χόρτος (khórtos, “farmyard”)
- Proto-Italic: *hortos (< earlier *xortos)
- Proto-Tocharian:[2] (possibly)
- Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2010) “The etymology of Latin focus and the devoicing of final stops before *s in Proto-Indo-European”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics[1], volume 123, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISSN, →JSTOR, pages 212–216
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kerccī”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 210-211