Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰórtos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). Alternatively, Matasović proposes that this is instead from a neo-root derived from a root noun *gʰṓrdʰ-s (root *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), genitive *gʰr̥dʰ-ós, where the root-final consonant would devoice to -t- in the nominative singular. Whether the initial consonant was a palatovelar cannot be ascertained, since reflexes of *ǵʰórtos are only securely attested in centum languages.

Noun

*ǵʰórtos m (non-ablauting)

1. enclosure

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*ǵʰórtos
genitive	*ǵʰórtosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵʰórtos	*ǵʰórtoh₁	*ǵʰórtoes
vocative	*ǵʰórte	*ǵʰórtoh₁	*ǵʰórtoes
accusative	*ǵʰórtom	*ǵʰórtoh₁	*ǵʰórtoms
genitive	*ǵʰórtosyo	*?	*ǵʰórtoHom
ablative	*ǵʰórtead	*?	*ǵʰórtomos, *ǵʰórtobʰos
dative	*ǵʰórtoey	*?	*ǵʰórtomos, *ǵʰórtobʰos
locative	*ǵʰórtey, *ǵʰórtoy	*?	*ǵʰórtoysu
instrumental	*ǵʰórtoh₁	*?	*ǵʰórtōys

Descendants

• Proto-Celtic: *gortos
  • Old Irish: gort
    • Irish: gort (“wheatfield”)
  • Proto-Brythonic: *gorθ
    • Old Breton: orth
    • Cornish: gorth
    • Welsh: garth (“hill, enclosure”)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: χόρτος (khórtos, “farmyard”)
• Proto-Italic: *hortos (< earlier *xortos)
  • Latin: hortus (“garden”)
  • Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz)
• Proto-Tocharian: (possibly)
  • Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)