Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Exact origin uncertain. Perhaps from *ga- +‎ *mann-, but the stress is on the first syllable, whereas the prefix *ga- never bears stress. Alternatively:

• Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)
• Pokorny compares Middle High German gampen, gumpen (“to jump”) (cf. *gampaz) and Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump, frisk”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Noun

*gamaną n

1. a fellow human, associate, companion
2. pleasure, enjoyment, joy
3. fun, amusement, game, sport

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *gamaną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gamaną	*gamanō
vocative	*gamaną	*gamanō
accusative	*gamaną	*gamanō
genitive	*gamanas, *gamanis	*gamanǫ̂
dative	*gamanai	*gamanamaz
instrumental	*gamanō	*gamanamiz

Related terms

• *gamanōną
• *gimbaną/*gimpaną
• *gumaraz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gaman
  • Old English: gamen, gomen
    • Middle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme
      • English: game (see there for further descendants); (dialectal gam)
      • ⇒ Fingallian: gamshoge
      • Scots: gemme, gem, gyem, game
      • Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume
  • Old Frisian: game, gome
    • >? West Frisian: gammen
  • Old Saxon: gaman
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: gamel
      • German Low German: Gammel
  • Old Dutch: *gaman
    • Middle Dutch: game, gāme
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc
        • Dutch: gemelijk
  • Old High German: gaman
    • Middle High German: gamen, gamel, game
      • German: Gammel (dialectal)
• Old Norse: gaman; (gems)
  • Icelandic: gaman
  • Faroese: gaman
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: gaman
  • Old Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen
    • Swedish: gamman
  • Danish: gammen
    • Norwegian Bokmål: gammen
• >? Old Norse: man
  • Icelandic: man
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)