Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/breutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewd-, related to Old East Slavic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “rake”), Old English brȳsan (“to break”), Latin frustum (“piece, crumb”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*breutaną

1. to destroy, crush, break

Inflection

Conjugation of *breutaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*breutō	*breutaų	—	*breutai	?
2nd singular	*briutizi	*breutaiz	*breut	*breutazai	*breutaizau
3rd singular	*briutidi	*breutai	*breutadau	*breutadai	*breutaidau
1st dual	*breutōz	*breutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*breutadiz	*breutaidiz	*breutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*breutamaz	*breutaim	—	*breutandai	*breutaindau
2nd plural	*briutid	*breutaid	*briutid	*breutandai	*breutaindau
3rd plural	*breutandi	*breutain	*breutandau	*breutandai	*breutaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*braut	*brutį̄
2nd singular	*braust	*brutīz
3rd singular	*braut	*brutī
1st dual	*brutū	*brutīw
2nd dual	*brutudiz	*brutīdiz
1st plural	*brutum	*brutīm
2nd plural	*brutud	*brutīd
3rd plural	*brutun	*brutīn
	present	past
participles	*breutandz	*brutanaz

Related terms

• *brautaną
• *brautijaną
• *brutōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *breutan
  • Old English: brēotan
    • Middle English: breten
  • Old High German: *briozan
    • Middle High German: briezen
• Proto-Norse: ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ (bᴀriutiþ /⁠bᵃriutiþ⁠/), ᛒᛡᚱᚢᛏᛉ (bᴀrutʀ /⁠bᵃrȳtʀ⁠/)
  • Old Norse: brjóta, ᛒᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁ (briuti) — Runic form, 3rd singular present subjunctive
    • Icelandic: brjóta
    • Faroese: bróta
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: brjota, bryta
    • Jamtish: brǿte
    • Elfdalian: briuota
    • Old Swedish: brȳta
      • Swedish: bryta
    • Old Danish: brȳtæ
      • Danish: bryde
        • Norwegian Bokmål: bryte
      • Scanian: brýda
    • Gutnish: braute
• Suevic or Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*briutan) (based on evidence from loanwords)
  • → Galician: britar
  • → Portuguese: britar