Appendix:Romanian nouns/Feminine
Feminine nouns are relatively complex in the Romanian language.
Nominative/Accusative case
[edit]Indefinite/Base forms
[edit]Singular
[edit]Feminine nouns are generally easy to spot. They almost always end in vowels.
Plurals
[edit]Like neuter nouns, feminine nouns are not always as easy to form into plurals as masculine nouns.
singular | plural |
---|---|
-ă changes to -e | |
o studentă | două studente |
o casă | două case |
-ă changes to -i | |
o mașină | două mașini |
o seară | două seri |
-ă changes to -uri | |
o marfă | două mărfuri |
o blană | două blănuri |
-e changes to -i* | |
o lume | două lumi |
o noapte | două nopți |
-vowel+ie changes to -vowel+i | |
o cheie | două chei |
o foaie | două foi |
-consonant+ie changes to -consonant+ii | |
o bucătărie | două bucătării |
-a + -le | |
o sofa_ | două sofale |
-ea changes to -ele | |
o stea | două stele |
o cafea | două cafele |
-ia changes to -iele | |
o mia | două miele |
-i does not change | |
o marți | două marți |
* For feminine nouns designating people that end in -toare, there is no change to form the plural. o scriitoare - două scriitoare.
A few exceptions:
- soră (sister), plural surori
- noră (daughter-in-law), plural nurori
- zi (day), plural zile
- mână (hand), plural mâini
With the definite article
[edit]Singular
[edit]singular indefinite | singular definite |
---|---|
-ă changes to -a | |
studentă | studenta |
mașină | mașina |
-e + -a | |
lege_ | legea |
mare_ | marea |
-ie changes to -ia | |
femeie | femeia |
cheie | cheia |
-a, -ea, -i + -ua | |
pijama_ | pijamaua |
cafea_ | cafeaua |
zi_ | ziua |
Plural
[edit]Forming the definite article for feminine nouns in the plural is very simple. Simply take the plural form of the noun and add -le
indefinite plural | definite plural |
---|---|
femei_ | femeile |
zile_ | zilele |
chei_ | cheile |
mame_ | mamele |
Genitive/Dative case
[edit]With the indefinite article
[edit]Singular
[edit]With the indefinite article in the singular, "o" changes to "unei," and the plural form of the noun is used.
indefinite nom/acc singular | indefinite gen/dat singular |
---|---|
o femeie | unei femei |
o zi | unei zile |
o memorie | unei memorii |
Plural
[edit]"Niște" (some) changes to "unor". The noun is still plural in form.
indefinite nom/acc plural | indefinite gen/dat plural |
---|---|
niște memorii | unor memorii |
niște femei | unor femei |
With the definite article
[edit]Singular
[edit]indefinite nom/acc plural | definite gen/dat singular |
---|---|
For most nouns, you simply add i to the indefinite nom/acc plural | |
legi_ | legii |
stele_ | stelei |
femei_ | femeii |
If the plural form of the noun ends in ii, the final i is replaced by ei. Basically, i is being added to the indefinite singular nom/acc form. | |
memorii | memoriei |
organizație_ | organizației |
Plural
[edit]To form the genitive/dative plural of neuter nouns, simply add -lor to the plural form of the word.
definite nom/acc plural | definite gen/dat plural |
---|---|
femei_ | femeilor |
stele_ | stelelor |
organizații_ | organizațiilor |
legi_ | legilor |
Examples
[edit]singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
gender f | indefinite article | definite article | indefinite article | definite article |
Nom/Acc | o prietenă | prietena | niște prietene | prietenele |
Gen/Dat | unei prietene | prietenei | unor prietene | prietenelor |
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
gender f | indefinite article | definite article | indefinite article | definite article |
Nom/Acc | o stea | steaua | niște stele | stelele |
Gen/Dat | unei stele | stelei | unor stele | stelelor |
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
gender f | indefinite article | definite article | indefinite article | definite article |
Nom/Acc | o memorie | memoria | niște memorii | memoriile |
Gen/Dat | unei memorii | memoriei | unor memorii | memoriilor |