Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liudiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow (up)”). Doublet of *lūdiz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯.ðiz/

Noun

*liudiz m or f

1. (in the singular) man, person
2. (in the plural) men, people

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *liudiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*liudiz	*liudīz
vocative	*liudi	*liudīz
accusative	*liudį	*liudinz
genitive	*liudīz	*liudijǫ̂
dative	*liudī	*liudimaz
instrumental	*liudī	*liudimiz

Derived terms

• *Liudibalþaz
  • German: Leopold
    • → English: Leopold
• *Liudiharjaz
  • German: Luther
    • → English: Luther

Related terms

• *laudaz
• *leudaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *liudi
  • Old English: lēod
    • ⇒ Old English: lēode, lēoda m
      • Middle English: lede, leed, leod, leode
        • English: lede (obsolete)
        • Middle Scots: leid
  • Old Frisian: liōd, liūde, liōde m
    • Saterland Frisian: ljode
      • Saterland Frisian: Ljuude
    • West Frisian: lie, lju, ljuwe
  • Old Saxon: liud, liudi m
    • Middle Low German: lüde, luede, luide
      • Low German: lüüd, lüüt
        • German Low German: Lühde pl, Lühd pl, Lüüde pl, Lüüd pl, Lüü pl
          • Westphalian:
            • Paderbornisch: Luie pl
  • Old Dutch: liut
    • Middle Dutch: liede
      • Dutch: lieden
  • → Medieval Latin: leodēs, leudēs
    • → French: leude
    • → English: leud
  • Old High German: liut m or f or n, liuti m pl
    • Middle High German: liut
      • Alemannic German: Lüüte
      • Central Franconian: Löck, Lück (Kölsch, northernmost Ripuarian), Lüü (western Ripuarian), Lie (Siegerland), Leit (other Moselle Franconian)
      • German: Leute pl
      • Hunsrik: Leit
      • Luxembourgish: Leit
      • Vilamovian: łaojt
      • Yiddish: לײַט (layt)
• Old Norse: lýðr m
  • Icelandic: ljóður, lýður
  • Faroese: -lýður (in borgarlýður, kirkjulýður, undirlýður), lýð- (in lýðveldi)
  • Norn: lø
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: lyd
  • Old Swedish: lyþir m pl
  • Old Gutnish: lyþir m pl
    • Gutnish: löid
  • → Middle English: lith, lyth
    • Scots: lythe
    • English: lith
• Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*liuþs), *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*liudeis)
  • → Latin: leodes (in the Lex Visigothorum), leudes (possibly)
    • → English: leud
    • → French: leude
• → Proto-Finnic: *liuta (see there for further descendants)