Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥téw-, the oblique stem of *pértus (“crossing”), equivalent to unattested *feraną (“to cross”) +‎ *-þuz. The nominative stem gave rise to *ferþuz. In the nominative the stress fell on the root, and as such *ferþuz does not display the effects of Verner's Law seen in *furduz, which has generalized the oblique stem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸur.ðuz/

Noun

*furduz m

1. ford

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *furduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*furduz	*furdiwiz
vocative	*furdu	*furdiwiz
accusative	*furdų	*furdunz
genitive	*furdauz	*furdiwǫ̂
dative	*furdiwi	*furdumaz
instrumental	*furdū	*furdumiz

Related terms

• *ferþuz
• *furþą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *furdu
  • Old English: ford
    • Middle English: ford, furd, foord
      • English: ford
      • Scots: furde, furd, fuird
    • ⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣres + ford)
    • → Proto-Brythonic: *forð (“road”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Frisian: forda
    • West Frisian: furde
  • Old Saxon: ford
    • Middle Low German: furd, vōrde, vōrt
      • German Low German: Föörd
  • Old Dutch: furda, *ford
    • Middle Dutch: vort, vōort
      • Dutch: voord, voort, voorde
  • Old High German: furt
    • Middle High German: vurt
      • German: Furt
      • → Saterland Frisian: Fúurt

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160